You are assessing the potential causal association between smoking and lung cancer. You think that chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is a third variable of interest. You hypothesize that COPD is caused by smoking, and that COPD is an early sign of future lung cancer diagnosis for some patients. What type of variable is COPD? Question 1 options: Mediator Confounder Exposure Outcome None of these
You are assessing the potential causal association between smoking and lung cancer. You think that chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is a third variable of interest. You hypothesize that COPD is caused by smoking, and that COPD is an early sign of future lung cancer diagnosis for some patients. What type of variable is COPD?
Question 1 options:
Mediator
Confounder
Exposure
Outcome
None of these
Research is a systematic study of a particular topic that contributes to the pool of knowledge. Research begins with stating the problem, developing a topic, forming a hypothesis, collecting data and analyzing it and then using it to accept or reject the hypothesis, and finally drawing conclusions based on the hypothesis.
Variables in research are objects, phenomena or attributes of people that are measured in research. The two most important types of variables are the independent and dependent variables. The former is manipulated by the researcher to observe an effect on the latter.
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