You accidentally stub your toe on a chair when walking in a darkened room. A Write your response here... (pain receptor) relays this information by sensory nerves (the Write your response here... ) to the Write your response here... cord. You immediately step back because the spinal cord sends a command via the Write your response here... to your leg muscles, which are acting as the Write your response here... , which in this case is the spinal

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Homeostatis: fill in the blanks 

**Understanding Reflex Actions: Stubbing Your Toe**

When you accidentally stub your toe on a chair while walking in a darkened room, several actions take place in your nervous system to help you quickly react to the pain.

1. **Nociceptor**: This is the specialized sensory receptor for pain. The nociceptor detects the pain stimulus from the stubbed toe.

2. **Sensory Neuron**: The nociceptor relays this information by sensory nerves, known as sensory neurons, to an intermediary processing center.

3. **Central Nervous System (CNS)**: The sensory neuron transmits the pain signal to the central nervous system (CNS), which in this case is the spinal cord. The spinal cord acts as a processing center for the reflex action.

4. **Motor Neuron**: The spinal cord sends a command via the motor neuron to your leg muscles, directing a response.

5. **Effector Muscles**: The leg muscles act as the effectors in this scenario. They quickly contract to pull your foot away from the source of pain, helping you to step back immediately.

This process is known as a reflex action, which is a rapid and involuntary response to a stimulus, aiming to protect the body from harm. 

Note: The diagram associated with this text shows a simplified pathway:
- **Step 1**: Pain Receptor/Nociceptor
- **Step 2**: Sensory Neuron
- **Step 3**: Spinal Cord (CNS)
- **Step 4**: Motor Neuron
- **Step 5**: Effector Muscles
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Reflex Actions: Stubbing Your Toe** When you accidentally stub your toe on a chair while walking in a darkened room, several actions take place in your nervous system to help you quickly react to the pain. 1. **Nociceptor**: This is the specialized sensory receptor for pain. The nociceptor detects the pain stimulus from the stubbed toe. 2. **Sensory Neuron**: The nociceptor relays this information by sensory nerves, known as sensory neurons, to an intermediary processing center. 3. **Central Nervous System (CNS)**: The sensory neuron transmits the pain signal to the central nervous system (CNS), which in this case is the spinal cord. The spinal cord acts as a processing center for the reflex action. 4. **Motor Neuron**: The spinal cord sends a command via the motor neuron to your leg muscles, directing a response. 5. **Effector Muscles**: The leg muscles act as the effectors in this scenario. They quickly contract to pull your foot away from the source of pain, helping you to step back immediately. This process is known as a reflex action, which is a rapid and involuntary response to a stimulus, aiming to protect the body from harm. Note: The diagram associated with this text shows a simplified pathway: - **Step 1**: Pain Receptor/Nociceptor - **Step 2**: Sensory Neuron - **Step 3**: Spinal Cord (CNS) - **Step 4**: Motor Neuron - **Step 5**: Effector Muscles
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