Yesterday in class, we talked about Zeop (Z*) increasing in the following systems: = 738 KJ/mol = 1450 KJ/mol Today, we will see if this is true by using a set of rules called Slater's Rules. Mg (g) ------> Mg (8) + Mg(8) -------> Mg² 2+ (8) + e e- IE IE Slater's rules to calculate a shielding constant (S): ZEF= = Z - S 1. Write out the electronic configurations of the element or ion in the following order and groupings: (1s) (2s, 2p) (3s, 3p) (3d) (48,4p) (4d) (4f) (5s,5p) 2. All of the electrons in the (ns, np) group shield the valence e to an extent of 0.35 each.*** The ns, np group is the same group as the valence e. 3. All e's in the n-1 level shield to an extent of 0.85. 4. All e's in the n-2 level, or lower, shield completely (i.e. 1.00 each).
Yesterday in class, we talked about Zeop (Z*) increasing in the following systems: = 738 KJ/mol = 1450 KJ/mol Today, we will see if this is true by using a set of rules called Slater's Rules. Mg (g) ------> Mg (8) + Mg(8) -------> Mg² 2+ (8) + e e- IE IE Slater's rules to calculate a shielding constant (S): ZEF= = Z - S 1. Write out the electronic configurations of the element or ion in the following order and groupings: (1s) (2s, 2p) (3s, 3p) (3d) (48,4p) (4d) (4f) (5s,5p) 2. All of the electrons in the (ns, np) group shield the valence e to an extent of 0.35 each.*** The ns, np group is the same group as the valence e. 3. All e's in the n-1 level shield to an extent of 0.85. 4. All e's in the n-2 level, or lower, shield completely (i.e. 1.00 each).
Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![**Chem 1 Workshop - Effective Nuclear Charges**
**Dr. Ogar**
Yesterday in class, we talked about \(Z_{\text{eff}} (Z^*)\) increasing in the following systems:
\[ \text{Mg}(g) \longrightarrow \text{Mg}^+(g) + e^- \quad \text{IE} = 738 \, \text{kJ/mol} \]
\[ \text{Mg}^+(g) \longrightarrow \text{Mg}^{2+}(g) + e^- \quad \text{IE} = 1450 \, \text{kJ/mol} \]
Today, we will see if this is true by using a set of rules called Slater’s Rules.
**Slater’s Rules to Calculate a Shielding Constant (S):**
\[ Z_{\text{eff}} = Z - S \]
1. Write out the electronic configuration of the element or ion in the following order and groupings:
\[
(1s) \quad (2s,2p) \quad (3s,3p) \quad (3d) \quad (4s,4p) \quad (4d) \quad (4f) \quad (5s,5p)
\]
2. All of the electrons in the \((ns,np)\) group shield the valence to an extent of 0.35 each. The \(ns,np\) group is the same group as the valence e.
3. All e's in the \(n-1\) level shield to an extent of 0.85.
4. All e's in the \(n-2\) level, or lower, shield completely (i.e., 1.00 each).
**Example Calculations:**
- **Nitrogen (N, \(Z = 7\)):**
\[
\text{Groupings} \quad (1s)^2 \quad (2s,2p)^5
\]
\[ S = (2 \times 0.85) + (4 \times 0.35) = 3.10 \]
\[ Z_{\text{eff}} = Z^* - S \]
\[ Z_{\text{eff}} = Z = 7 - 3.10 = 3.90 \]
- **Zinc (Zn, \(](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd38dc3ae-53e5-4279-afed-9e69fa663b8c%2Fe810f357-a7d6-470c-837e-cadacffe0242%2Fis2p8c_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Chem 1 Workshop - Effective Nuclear Charges**
**Dr. Ogar**
Yesterday in class, we talked about \(Z_{\text{eff}} (Z^*)\) increasing in the following systems:
\[ \text{Mg}(g) \longrightarrow \text{Mg}^+(g) + e^- \quad \text{IE} = 738 \, \text{kJ/mol} \]
\[ \text{Mg}^+(g) \longrightarrow \text{Mg}^{2+}(g) + e^- \quad \text{IE} = 1450 \, \text{kJ/mol} \]
Today, we will see if this is true by using a set of rules called Slater’s Rules.
**Slater’s Rules to Calculate a Shielding Constant (S):**
\[ Z_{\text{eff}} = Z - S \]
1. Write out the electronic configuration of the element or ion in the following order and groupings:
\[
(1s) \quad (2s,2p) \quad (3s,3p) \quad (3d) \quad (4s,4p) \quad (4d) \quad (4f) \quad (5s,5p)
\]
2. All of the electrons in the \((ns,np)\) group shield the valence to an extent of 0.35 each. The \(ns,np\) group is the same group as the valence e.
3. All e's in the \(n-1\) level shield to an extent of 0.85.
4. All e's in the \(n-2\) level, or lower, shield completely (i.e., 1.00 each).
**Example Calculations:**
- **Nitrogen (N, \(Z = 7\)):**
\[
\text{Groupings} \quad (1s)^2 \quad (2s,2p)^5
\]
\[ S = (2 \times 0.85) + (4 \times 0.35) = 3.10 \]
\[ Z_{\text{eff}} = Z^* - S \]
\[ Z_{\text{eff}} = Z = 7 - 3.10 = 3.90 \]
- **Zinc (Zn, \(
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Transcribed Image Text:**Additional Questions (Page 22)**
1. Does Zeff explain why the I.E. for Mg²⁺ is greater than Mg? Explain.
2. Does Zeff explain the trend in atomic sizes as you go from Be to C? Explain.
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