[X-ray diffraction] The first four peaks of the x-ray diffraction pattern for copper is shown below. It was taken using a monochromatic radiation having a wavelength, λ. Copper has an FCC structure. Answer the following questions. (1) Specify indexes (i.e., (h k l)) for four peaks; peak 1, peak 2, peak 3 and peak 4.  (2) The 2θ values for four peaks are given below. Determine the interplanar spacing (dhkl) for peak 1 and peak 2.  (3) Determine the atomic radius (R) for peak 1 and peak 2.  Use n = 1; λ = 0.1542 nm

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Crystalline Imperfections

The crystalline imperfections are described as the geometrical defects in the crystal due to incorrect arrangement of atoms, impurity, vacancy, and many more. It is not possible to achieve a perfect or ideal crystal, practically.