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Write formally correct defect incorporation reactions and the corresponding mass action equilibrium constants for the following. Refer to the table of ionic radii (Table 1.2) for guidance. If you think more than one incorporation mecha- nism is possible, briefly discuss why and show the different possibilities. (i) Solid solution of CaCl, in NaCI. (ii) Solid solution of CaO in ZrO,. (iii) Reduction of ZrO,. (iv) Solid solution of SrTiO, in BaTiO,.

Write formally correct defect incorporation reactions and the corresponding mass action equilibrium constants for the following. Refer to the table of ionic radii (Table 1.2) for guidance. If you think more than one incorporation mecha- nism is possible, briefly discuss why and show the different possibilities. (i) Solid solution of CaCl, in NaCI. (ii) Solid solution of CaO in ZrO,. (iii) Reduction of ZrO,. (iv) Solid solution of SrTiO, in BaTiO,.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Write formally correct defect incorporation reactions and the corresponding mass action equilibrium constants for the following. Refer to the table of ionic radii (Table 1.2) for guidance. If you think more than one incorporation mecha- nism is possible, briefly discuss why and show the different possibilities. (i) Solid solution of CaCl, in NaCl. (ii) Solid solution of CaO in ZrO,. (iii) Reduction of ZrO,. (iv) Solid solution of SrTiO, in BaTiO,.
Transcribed Image Text:Write formally correct defect incorporation reactions and the corresponding mass action equilibrium constants for the following. Refer to the table of ionic radii (Table 1.2) for guidance. If you think more than one incorporation mecha- nism is possible, briefly discuss why and show the different possibilities. (i) Solid solution of CaCl, in NaCl. (ii) Solid solution of CaO in ZrO,. (iii) Reduction of ZrO,. (iv) Solid solution of SrTiO, in BaTiO,.
Table 1.2 Ionic Crystal Radii (nm) Coordination Number = 6 Ag! 0.115 AP+ B 0.137 As Au+ Ba Be Bi 0.103 Bi Br Ca 0.100 0.054 0.046 0.027 0.135 0.045 0.076 0.196 0.016 0.095 Ce+ 0.087 Co²• 0.075 Co Cr 0.080 Cs Cr- Cu+ Cu Cu Dy 0.091 Er 0.181 0.055 0.062 0.055 0.167 0.077 0.073 0.054 0.089 Eu F Fe Fe Ga 0.062 Gd► Ge* H Hg² 0.102 Ho In 0.095 0.133 0.078 0.065 0.094 0.053 0.071 0.090 0.220 0.080 0.138 La Li Mg 0.072 Mn Mn* Mo Mo Mo N Na Nb Nd Ni 0.103 0.076 0.083 0.053 0.069 0.065 0.059 0.013 0.102 0.064 0.098 0.069 Ni 0.056 OH Pb Rb Pb 0.078 Ru* Sb Sb Sc 0.075 0.140 0.137 0.038 0.119 0.152 0.062 0.184 0.029 0.076 0.060 Se 0.198 Se Si 0.040 Sm Snt 0.069 Sr Ta Te Te Th Ti Tit 0.042 0.096 0.118 0.064 0.221 0.056 0.094 0.086 0.067 0.061 TI U* 0.076 Yb Zn 0.150 0.089 0.089 0.073 0.079 0.054 0.066 0.060 0.090 0.087 0.074 0.072 Continued Coordination Number = 4 Agl+ 0.100 AP+ As* B 0.011 Be Co 0.058 0.039 0.034 Cul+ Cu F- Fe 0.027 0.015 0.078 0.041 0.060 0.057 0.131 0.063 Fe Ga 0.047 Ge Hg² 0.096 Ind 0.062 Li Mg 0.057 Mn Mn Na- Nb 0.048 0.049 Ni 0.055 0.039 0.059 0.066 0.039 0.099 0.138 OH 0.135 Pb Sef Sn Sit Tit Zn 0.060 0.017 0.098 0.012 0.028 0.055 0.026 0.042 0.036 0.042 Coordination Number = 8 Coordination Number = 12 Bi Ce*+ 0.097 Ca Ba Dy 0.103 Gd 0.105 0.117 Hf* Ba Ca La Pb 0.149 0.112 0.142 0.083 0.161 0.134 0.136 Ho In Nal Nd Pb 0.102 0.092 Rb Sr 0.118 0.11 0.142 0.129 0.161 0.144 Sr Th 0.126 0.105 0.100 0.102 Source: R. D. Shannon, Acta Crystallographica, A32, 751 (1976). 0.084
Transcribed Image Text:Table 1.2 Ionic Crystal Radii (nm) Coordination Number = 6 Ag! 0.115 AP+ B 0.137 As Au+ Ba Be Bi 0.103 Bi Br Ca 0.100 0.054 0.046 0.027 0.135 0.045 0.076 0.196 0.016 0.095 Ce+ 0.087 Co²• 0.075 Co Cr 0.080 Cs Cr- Cu+ Cu Cu Dy 0.091 Er 0.181 0.055 0.062 0.055 0.167 0.077 0.073 0.054 0.089 Eu F Fe Fe Ga 0.062 Gd► Ge* H Hg² 0.102 Ho In 0.095 0.133 0.078 0.065 0.094 0.053 0.071 0.090 0.220 0.080 0.138 La Li Mg 0.072 Mn Mn* Mo Mo Mo N Na Nb Nd Ni 0.103 0.076 0.083 0.053 0.069 0.065 0.059 0.013 0.102 0.064 0.098 0.069 Ni 0.056 OH Pb Rb Pb 0.078 Ru* Sb Sb Sc 0.075 0.140 0.137 0.038 0.119 0.152 0.062 0.184 0.029 0.076 0.060 Se 0.198 Se Si 0.040 Sm Snt 0.069 Sr Ta Te Te Th Ti Tit 0.042 0.096 0.118 0.064 0.221 0.056 0.094 0.086 0.067 0.061 TI U* 0.076 Yb Zn 0.150 0.089 0.089 0.073 0.079 0.054 0.066 0.060 0.090 0.087 0.074 0.072 Continued Coordination Number = 4 Agl+ 0.100 AP+ As* B 0.011 Be Co 0.058 0.039 0.034 Cul+ Cu F- Fe 0.027 0.015 0.078 0.041 0.060 0.057 0.131 0.063 Fe Ga 0.047 Ge Hg² 0.096 Ind 0.062 Li Mg 0.057 Mn Mn Na- Nb 0.048 0.049 Ni 0.055 0.039 0.059 0.066 0.039 0.099 0.138 OH 0.135 Pb Sef Sn Sit Tit Zn 0.060 0.017 0.098 0.012 0.028 0.055 0.026 0.042 0.036 0.042 Coordination Number = 8 Coordination Number = 12 Bi Ce*+ 0.097 Ca Ba Dy 0.103 Gd 0.105 0.117 Hf* Ba Ca La Pb 0.149 0.112 0.142 0.083 0.161 0.134 0.136 Ho In Nal Nd Pb 0.102 0.092 Rb Sr 0.118 0.11 0.142 0.129 0.161 0.144 Sr Th 0.126 0.105 0.100 0.102 Source: R. D. Shannon, Acta Crystallographica, A32, 751 (1976). 0.084
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