Wound infections in burn victims Practice Question #6 After a horrible fire ravaged a bloc of flats, several residents were brought to the hospital for mild to severe burn treatments (see Table 1). Table 1: Patients admitted at the hospital following the fire. Name Age (years) Medical condition Sandra 63 Second-degree burns on 40% of her body Marco 19 Deep third-degree burns on 90% of his legs Alexandre 29 Deep third-degree burns on 35% of his legs Matthieu 58 Superficial burns on his arms and legs Maddie 38 Partial thickness burns on her left arm Matthieu and Maddie, who were less severely burned, were treated with various topical anesthetic ointments and antibiotics, they were released from care and made full recoveries. Severely burned Sandra, Marco, and Alexandre were all moved to an isolated section of the ICU and initially treated through intravenous (for fluid resuscitation) and intra-arterial (for invasive blood pressure monitoring) catheters. After being treated for shock and after their conditions were stabilized, Sandra, Marco, and Alexandre were treated in the hydrotherapy room (warm running water) twice daily for 2-3 days. Hydrotherapy can stimulate recovery and act as a pain relief for burn victims. However, the patients soon started exhibiting signs of infection with high fevers/malaise, and their wounds started emitting sweet-like odors. Dr. Moochin, the physician in charge of Sandra, Marco and Alexandre, was very worried about the symptoms her patients were exhibiting. She suspected bacterial infections and without waiting for diagnostic results, she immediately prescribed antibiotics for all 3 patients. During the twice daily dressing changes, wound exudates (fluid that leaks out from the lymph and blood into injured tissues) were collected from each patient using a sterile collection system, and bacterial culture tests were performed to confirm the presence of bacterial infection. After gram staining, microscopy examination showed that dominated by blue/purple coccoid cells, indicating a Staph infection. However, Marco's wounds were colonized by both red/pink rods and blue/purple coccoid cells. The rods were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the cocci were Staphylococcus aureus. from all patients the ICU were Several tests were made on the samples collected from patients' wound. Dr Moochin was aware of the various other ways bacteria can transiently survive antibiotic treatments and wanted to know which mechanism was at cause. Knowing the cause could help her treat her patient in the best possible way.

Principles Of Pharmacology Med Assist
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Chapter15: Antibiotic Agents
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Wound infections in burn victims
Practice Question #6
After a horrible fire ravaged a bloc of flats, several residents were brought to the hospital for mild to severe
burn treatments (see Table 1).
Table 1: Patients admitted at the hospital following the fire.
Name
Age (years)
Medical condition
Sandra
63
Second-degree burns on 40% of her body
Marco
19
Deep third-degree burns on 90% of his legs
Alexandre
29
Deep third-degree burns on 35% of his legs
Matthieu
58
Superficial burns on his arms and legs
Maddie
38
Partial thickness burns on her left arm
Matthieu and Maddie, who were less severely burned, were treated with various topical anesthetic
ointments and antibiotics, they were released from care and made full recoveries.
Severely burned Sandra, Marco, and Alexandre were all moved to an isolated section of the ICU and initially
treated through intravenous (for fluid resuscitation) and intra-arterial (for invasive blood pressure
monitoring) catheters.
After being treated for shock and after their conditions were stabilized, Sandra, Marco, and Alexandre were
treated in the hydrotherapy room (warm running water) twice daily for 2-3 days. Hydrotherapy can stimulate
recovery and act as a pain relief for burn victims. However, the patients soon started exhibiting signs of
infection with high fevers/malaise, and their wounds started emitting sweet-like odors.
Dr. Moochin, the physician in charge of Sandra, Marco and Alexandre, was very worried about the
symptoms her patients were exhibiting. She suspected bacterial infections and without waiting for
diagnostic results, she immediately prescribed antibiotics for all 3 patients.
During the twice daily dressing changes, wound exudates (fluid that leaks out from the lymph and blood
into injured tissues) were collected from each patient using a sterile collection system, and bacterial culture
tests were performed to confirm the presence of bacterial infection.
After gram staining, microscopy examination showed that the isolates from all patients in the ICU were
dominated by blue/purple coccoid cells, indicating a Staph infection. However, Marco's wounds were
colonized by both red/pink rods and blue/purple coccoid cells. The rods were identified as Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, and the cocci were Staphylococcus aureus.
Several tests were made on the samples collected from patients' wound. Dr Moochin was aware of the
various other ways bacteria can transiently survive antibiotic treatments and wanted to know which
mechanism was at cause. Knowing the cause could help her treat her patient in the best possible way.
Transcribed Image Text:Wound infections in burn victims Practice Question #6 After a horrible fire ravaged a bloc of flats, several residents were brought to the hospital for mild to severe burn treatments (see Table 1). Table 1: Patients admitted at the hospital following the fire. Name Age (years) Medical condition Sandra 63 Second-degree burns on 40% of her body Marco 19 Deep third-degree burns on 90% of his legs Alexandre 29 Deep third-degree burns on 35% of his legs Matthieu 58 Superficial burns on his arms and legs Maddie 38 Partial thickness burns on her left arm Matthieu and Maddie, who were less severely burned, were treated with various topical anesthetic ointments and antibiotics, they were released from care and made full recoveries. Severely burned Sandra, Marco, and Alexandre were all moved to an isolated section of the ICU and initially treated through intravenous (for fluid resuscitation) and intra-arterial (for invasive blood pressure monitoring) catheters. After being treated for shock and after their conditions were stabilized, Sandra, Marco, and Alexandre were treated in the hydrotherapy room (warm running water) twice daily for 2-3 days. Hydrotherapy can stimulate recovery and act as a pain relief for burn victims. However, the patients soon started exhibiting signs of infection with high fevers/malaise, and their wounds started emitting sweet-like odors. Dr. Moochin, the physician in charge of Sandra, Marco and Alexandre, was very worried about the symptoms her patients were exhibiting. She suspected bacterial infections and without waiting for diagnostic results, she immediately prescribed antibiotics for all 3 patients. During the twice daily dressing changes, wound exudates (fluid that leaks out from the lymph and blood into injured tissues) were collected from each patient using a sterile collection system, and bacterial culture tests were performed to confirm the presence of bacterial infection. After gram staining, microscopy examination showed that the isolates from all patients in the ICU were dominated by blue/purple coccoid cells, indicating a Staph infection. However, Marco's wounds were colonized by both red/pink rods and blue/purple coccoid cells. The rods were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the cocci were Staphylococcus aureus. Several tests were made on the samples collected from patients' wound. Dr Moochin was aware of the various other ways bacteria can transiently survive antibiotic treatments and wanted to know which mechanism was at cause. Knowing the cause could help her treat her patient in the best possible way.
To do so, she ordered the following molecules to be measured in each sample:
c-di-guanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP)
Polyphosphate (poly-P)
Exopolysaccharides (EPS)
Autoinducers (Al)
Guanidine tetraphosphate (ppGpp)
The lab came back with the following results for the following patients:
Marco
C-di-GMP
Poly-P
EPS
Al
(p)ppGpp
Control
+
S.aureus
+++
+
++++
++
+
P.aeruginosa
++
+++
++
++
+++
Alexandre
c-di-GMP
Poly-P
EPS
Al
(p)ppGpp
Control
+
+
+
S.aureus
++++
++
++++
P.aeruginosa
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Dr Moochin is aware that P.aeruginosa possesses a TA system which promotes virulence
and help the bacterial population to resist antibiotic treatment. The P.aeruginosa
Toxin/Antitoxin (TA) system leads to the activation of an RNASE (a different system then
the HipAB system seen in class). The end results are similar tough, when activated, this
P.aeruginosa TA system leads to cell dormancy.
- Another P.aeruginosa TA system leads to the decrease in cellular NAD+.
How could this promote cell dormancy? Explain how low levels of NAD+
could lead to cell dormancy.
Unfortunately for Marco, third degree burns provide an environment that is high in proteins and
has a lot of necrotic tissue with favourable conditions for bacterial colonization. P. aeruginosa, in
particular, tends to establish and invade deep into burned tissue, leading to faster bacterial
infection within the blood. Despite amputation of his legs, Marco became septic after a month of
hospitalization, and was mechanically ventilated. He soon became critically ill with a respiratory
tract infection and passed away.
Alexandre required several months of treatment, including systemic antimicrobial treatment, skin
grafts, use of antiseptic-coated central venous catheters, and frequent daily wound debridement
and dressing changes. He eventually recovered with major scarring.
Sandra's infection did not appear to spread. She survived her injuries after days of frequent
dressing changes, antibiotic treatment, topical antimicrobial therapy, and surgical skin grafts.
Transcribed Image Text:To do so, she ordered the following molecules to be measured in each sample: c-di-guanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) Polyphosphate (poly-P) Exopolysaccharides (EPS) Autoinducers (Al) Guanidine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) The lab came back with the following results for the following patients: Marco C-di-GMP Poly-P EPS Al (p)ppGpp Control + S.aureus +++ + ++++ ++ + P.aeruginosa ++ +++ ++ ++ +++ Alexandre c-di-GMP Poly-P EPS Al (p)ppGpp Control + + + S.aureus ++++ ++ ++++ P.aeruginosa n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Dr Moochin is aware that P.aeruginosa possesses a TA system which promotes virulence and help the bacterial population to resist antibiotic treatment. The P.aeruginosa Toxin/Antitoxin (TA) system leads to the activation of an RNASE (a different system then the HipAB system seen in class). The end results are similar tough, when activated, this P.aeruginosa TA system leads to cell dormancy. - Another P.aeruginosa TA system leads to the decrease in cellular NAD+. How could this promote cell dormancy? Explain how low levels of NAD+ could lead to cell dormancy. Unfortunately for Marco, third degree burns provide an environment that is high in proteins and has a lot of necrotic tissue with favourable conditions for bacterial colonization. P. aeruginosa, in particular, tends to establish and invade deep into burned tissue, leading to faster bacterial infection within the blood. Despite amputation of his legs, Marco became septic after a month of hospitalization, and was mechanically ventilated. He soon became critically ill with a respiratory tract infection and passed away. Alexandre required several months of treatment, including systemic antimicrobial treatment, skin grafts, use of antiseptic-coated central venous catheters, and frequent daily wound debridement and dressing changes. He eventually recovered with major scarring. Sandra's infection did not appear to spread. She survived her injuries after days of frequent dressing changes, antibiotic treatment, topical antimicrobial therapy, and surgical skin grafts.
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