Why would a chromosomal translocation that puts a proto-oncogene under the control of a widely expressed promotor cause cancerous cells to develop
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Why would a chromosomal translocation that puts a proto-oncogene under the control of a widely expressed promotor cause cancerous cells to develop
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- Name the roles that Anaphase Promoting Complex protein plays.In tumor cells obtained from patients with Burkittlymphoma, a cancer of the immune system’s B cells,the myc gene often appears close to one of the breakpoints of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14. In this translocated position, myc is expressed at a higher-than-normal level. Scientists hypothesize that Myc protein overexpression in B cellscontributes to lymphoma formation.a. Explain how transgenic mice produced using pronuclear injection could be used to test this hypothesis. (Assume that you previously cloned a generegulatory region that is active specifically in Bcells throughout the life of the mouse.)b. Suppose you wanted to overexpress Myc only inthe immune cells of mice, starting at one week ofage. To restrict Myc transcription spatially, youwill use same promoter described in part (a). Torestrict Myc transcription temporally, you will usea cre transgene whose expression is controlled byheat shock (hs-cre). Describe the mouse you wouldcreate to accomplish…What are the roles of cellular proto-oncogenes, and how are these roles consistent with their implication in oncogenesis?
- Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does the deleted region contain an oncogene or atumor-suppressor gene? Explain.describe the relationship between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene, and explain how one arises from the other. Explain how a mutation in the EGF receptor, or in a GTP- binding protein, can lead to unregulated cell division.The oncogenic protein BETA promotes entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of BETA at the amino acid Tyr98 causes BETA to be degraded by the proteasome, thus limiting its abundance. A mutation in the codon encoding Tyr98 changes this residue to Cys, which cannot be phosphorylated. What is the best description of this mutant allele?a) antimorphb) hypermorphc) hypomorphd) amorphe) neomorph
- How might overexpression of proto-oncogenes lead to abnormal cellular proliferation?Identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed. Select the two mechanisms. Identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed.Select the two mechanisms. 1) alterations in chromatin structure 2) a gain-of-function alteration 3)modification of proto-oncogenes products 4)mutations that result in an abnormal protein product 5)mutations within gene-regulatory regionsThe following chromosomal aberration is found in nearly 90-95% of all patients who have chronic myelogenous leukemia. This is because the change brings the BCR and ABL genes in close proximity. BCR is responsible for cell growth, and ABL is a proto-oncogene... this favors uncontrolled growth. Which is the most accurate description of the aberration... chio moso me 9 Philad elphia chromosome chromosome 22 BCR ABL 22q11.2 (BCR) 9934 1 (ABL) Deletion Translocation Inversion Duplication DELL O O O C
- What is a proto-oncogene? What are the typical functions of proteinsencoded by proto-oncogenes? At the level of protein function,what are the general ways that proto-oncogenes can beconverted to oncogenes?Explain, through the use of an illustration, the role of the anaphase promoting complex (APC / P) in separating the sister chromatids during anaphase.Deletion of a cellular proto-oncogene is likely to be associated with cancer. True False
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