Why were europeans able to conquer nearly all of africa in the late 1800's ?
In the nineteenth century, Europe faced the growth of Industrial Revolution and thus use of different tools and advancement in technologies made it to rule the World. Nation states such as France, England, Germany, Portugal and Belgium set up an exploration to search and rule another mainland.
On the other hand, Africa was known as 'Dark Continent' because Europeans were not familiar with its Geography. Except for its coastal countries like Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia people had very little knowledge about rest of the Africa.
On the Northern Coast, Algeria was captured by France in 1830 whereas England occupied Cape Colony and Natal in 1843. On the Western coast, England made Gambia, Gold Coast, Sierra-Leone and Legas it's colonies and France acquired the parts of Senegal, Ivory Coast and Gabun. Portugal had occupied Angola and Mozambique and Spain, Spanish Guinea.
Thus, only 10% of African land was under European rule and still they ruled the other 90% of unknown land due to firm establishment along ports and coast.
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