States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Why isn't hydrogen named first? Why COOH? Why not O2?
**Figure 3**
### Rules for Naming Binary Compounds:
- **Cation First, Anion Second**:
- In naming of binary compound, the name of the cation comes first, which is the name of the element.
- The anion is named second, which is also the name of the element.
- Monatomic anions are named with the ending `-ide`.
- **Roman Numerals for Oxidation State**:
- Roman numerals are used to show the oxidation state because some elements exhibit more than one oxidation state.
- **Naming Acids Without Oxygen**:
- When oxygen is not present in anion, then acids are named by using the "hydro-" prefix.
- **Naming Acids with "ate-" and "ite-" Endings**:
- If the name of anions ends in "ate-", then acid names end in `-ic` or `-ric`.
- If the name of anion ends in "-ite", then the name of acid ends in `-ous`.
### Example: CH₃COOH
In the acidic compound CH₃COO⁻, the cation is hydrogen (H⁺) and the anion is acetate (CH₃COO⁻).
Hence, the name of CH₃COOH compound is Acetic acid.
### Diagram Description:
The image shows a ball-and-stick model representing the structure of CH₃COOH (Acetic Acid). It contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, typically represented by black, white, and red spheres, respectively. The spatial arrangement visualizes the molecular geometry of acetic acid.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F40e25f29-5021-499e-9c49-7da7bd92383c%2Ff8954ff1-577f-40bb-93f4-602de6712537%2Fuzcnkto.png&w=3840&q=75)
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