White non-Hispanic Hispanic Asian/Pacific American Indian/ Black Islander Alaskan Native Race/ethnicity Distribution of 75.6% 9.1% 10.8% 3.8% Population Number in Lung Cancer Clinical Trials 0.7% 3855 316 12 60 54
In Exercises 5–20, conduct the hypothesis test and provide the test statistic and the P-value and/or critical value, and state the conclusion.
Bias in Clinical Trials? Researchers investigated the issue of race and equality of access to clinical trials. The following table shows the population distribution and the numbers of participants in clinical trials involving lung cancer (based on data from “Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials,” by Murthy, Krumholz, and Gross, Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 291, No. 22). Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the distribution of clinical trial participants fits well with the population distribution. Is there a race/ethnic group that appears to be very underrepresented?
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