While most transition metals have work functions corresponding to photon frequencies that are larger (higher) than visible light, alkali and alkaline earth metals have low-energy work functions. For example, calcium has a work function of Po = 4.3419×10-19 J. (a) What is the initial state n; for the hydrogen emission lines at visible wavelengths (i.e., those with ng = 2) for the lowest-energy photon that would eject an electron from calcium? (b) If the colors of the visible hydrogen emission lines (n; = 3 to n; = 6) are red, green, blue and violet, which colors are capable of ejecting the electrons from calcium? (c) The energy of the emitted photon you identified in part (a), is not identical to the workfunction of calcium. Therefore, the electron is ejected from the metal surface with some kinetic energy (i.e., energy is conserved in the photoelectric effect process). What would the velocity of the electron ejected from calcium (in meters per second)?

While most transition metals have work functions corresponding to photon frequencies that are larger (higher) than visible light, alkali and alkaline earth metals have low-energy work functions. For example, calcium has a work function of Po = 4.3419×10-19 J. (a) What is the initial state n; for the hydrogen emission lines at visible wavelengths (i.e., those with ng = 2) for the lowest-energy photon that would eject an electron from calcium? (b) If the colors of the visible hydrogen emission lines (n; = 3 to n; = 6) are red, green, blue and violet, which colors are capable of ejecting the electrons from calcium? (c) The energy of the emitted photon you identified in part (a), is not identical to the workfunction of calcium. Therefore, the electron is ejected from the metal surface with some kinetic energy (i.e., energy is conserved in the photoelectric effect process). What would the velocity of the electron ejected from calcium (in meters per second)?

College Physics

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...

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While most transition metals have work functions corresponding to photon frequencies that are larger (higher) than visible light, alkali and alkaline earth metals have low-energy work functions. For example, calcium has a work function of Po = 4.3419x10-19 J. (a) What is the initial state n; for the hydrogen emission lines at visible wavelengths (i.e., those with nf = 2) for the lowest-energy photon that would eject an electron from calcium? (b) If the colors of the visible hydrogen emission lines (n; = 3 to n; = 6) are red, green, blue and violet, which colors are capable of ejecting the electrons from calcium? (c) The energy of the emitted photon you identified in part (a), is not identical to the workfunction of calcium. Therefore, the electron is ejected from the metal surface with some kinetic energy (i.e., energy is conserved in the photoelectric effect process). What would the velocity of the electron ejected from calcium (in meters per second)?
A light wave of a particular frequency hits a metal. The light wave is made of discrete photons, each with energy hf = hc/λ. An electron will either completely absorb a photon, or not at all. An electron in a metal needs an energy to leave the metal -- the work function (W). For the W given, calculate the maximum light wavelength (in nm) that will eject an electron. I will use electron-volts (eV) for energy, because the computer gives me trouble with very low numbers. hc = 1240 eV nm W = 3.9 eV
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Fluorescence microscopy, discussed is an important tool in modern cell biology. A variation on this technique depends on a phenomenon known as two-photon excitation. If two photons are absorbed simultaneously (i.e., within about 10-16 s), their energies can add. A molecule that is normallyexcited by a 350 nm photon can be excited by two photons each having half as much energy. For this process to be useful, photons must illuminate the sample at the very high rate of at least 1029 photons/m2 ⋅ s. This is achieved by focusing a laser beam to a small spot and by concentrating the power of the laser into very short (10-13 s) pulses that are fired 108 timeseach second. Suppose a biologist wants to use two-photon excitationto excite a molecular species that would be excited by 500 nm light in normal one-photon fluorescence microscopy. What minimum intensity (W/m2) must the laser beam have during each pulse?
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A photon having a wavelength of 182 nm strikes the surface of a metal sheet having a threshold frequency (νo) of 9.27 x 1014 s-1. Calculate the velocity of the ejected electron in SI units AND in units of miles per hour. Hint: Combine equations 1.3 (pg 16 of textbook) and 3.6 (pg. 94). Report the units of your answer.
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