Which species has dipole-dipole forces as the significant IMF? A. CH3NH2 B. Xe C. C(diam) D. BaCl2 E. H2CO

What are intermolecular forces? How do they differ from intramolecular forces? What are dipole-dipole forces? How do typical dipole-dipole forces differ from hydrogen bonding interactions? In what ways are they similar? What are London dispersion forces? How do typical London dispersion forces differ from dipole-dipole forces? In what ways are they similar? Describe the relationship between molecular size and strength of London dispersion forces. Place the major types of intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength. Is there some overlap? That is, can the strongest London dispersion forces be greater than some dipole-dipole forces? Give an example of such an instance.

What types of forces exist between the individual particles in an ionic solid? Are these threes relatively strong or relatively weak?

What feature characterizes the dynamic equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor in a closed container?

8.48 Why must the vapor pressure of a substance be measured only after dynamic equilibrium is established?

8.79 Most gaseous compounds consist of small molecules, while polymers are never gaseous at room temperature. Explain this observation based on intermolecular forces.

8.103 Cryolite (Na3AlF6) is used in refining aluminum. Use the web to look up what this addition does for the process, and relate it to the concepts of intermolecular forces from this chapter.

Which of the following compounds would you expect to exhibit only London forces? a potassium chloride, KCl b c silicon tetrafluoride, SiF4 d phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5

What types of liquids typically form amorphous solids?

In which of the following processes is it necessary to break covalent bonds as opposed to simply overcoming intermolecular forces? (a) Decomposing HCI to H2 and Cl2 (b) Dissolving NaCl in water (c) Freezing ethyl alcohol (d) Subliming iodine