Reactions of Alkyl and Aryl halides
In organic chemistry, an alkyl halide is formed when an atom of hydrogen is switched by a halogen in a hydrocarbon or aliphatic compound. An aryl halide is formed when an atom of hydrogen is substituted by a halogen atom in an aromatic compound. Metals react with aryl halides and alkyl halides and they also go through nucleophilic substitution reactions and elimination reactions.
Zaitsev's Rule in Organic Chemistry
Alexander Zaitsev (also pronounced as Saytzeff), in 1875, prepared a rule to help predict the result of elimination reactions which stated, "The favored product in dehydrohalogenation reactions is that alkene that has the majority of alkyl groups attached to the double-bonded carbon atoms."
Tosylate
Tosylates are important functional groups in organic chemistry, mainly because of two important properties which they possess:
Alkyl Halides
A functional group is a collection of several atoms or bonds with certain characteristic chemical properties and reactions associated with it. There is a presence of a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I; it represents any halogen atom), as a functional group in alkyl halides. Therefore, it can be said that alkanes that contain a halogen compound are called alkyl halides.
![Step 4: In an
acid-catalyzed
epoxide ring opening, the
epoxide is first protonated and can then be attacked by
weak nucleophiles.
H
HO:
:Nuc
Nuc
Weak nucleophiles such as water and alcohols can react
with the protonated epoxide.
One of the main differences between base-catalyzed and
acid-catalyzed epoxide ring openings is the regiochemical
product expected. In an acid-catalyzed reaction, if one of
the epoxide carbons is tertiary and the other primary, the
nucleophile will attack at the more substituted carbon. If the
epoxide is monosubstituted, the nucleophile will attack
preferentially at the primary carbon vs. the
secondary carbon.
Which reaction will not give the indicated product?
N
1. CH,CH,O
2. H₂O
OH
CH₂CH₂OH, H*
N
CH₂CH₂OH, H
1 CHICH,O
2. H₂O
HO
HO
H-
H](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F27f0d465-4eee-4f57-92ea-27c1e76ad6ba%2F0e1b6c2a-d2cf-4aaf-ab69-ff214d7e8c2f%2Fj7fnfyg_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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