Which option below (a,b,c, or d) represents the small world that this inference being made is NOT valid. Inference= (Ǝx)Gx ᐱ (Ǝx)Hx); therefore (Ǝx)(Gx ᐱ Hx). a) Individuals: a,b; Predicates: Ga, Ha b) Individuals: a,b; Predicates: Ga, Ha, Hb c) Individuals: a,b; Predicates: Ga, Hb d) Individuals: a,b; Predicates: Ga, Ha, Gb, Hb

Q: ! Exercise 3.2.4: Show that each of the following are not valid rules about FD's by giving example…

A: The answer for the above mentioned question is given in the following steps for your reference.

Q: Use the first eight rules of inference to derive the conclusion of the symbolized argument below. D…

A: apply Modus Tollens and Disjunctive Syllogism :Given the premises:(DVE) ⊃ (G * H)G ⊃ ∼DD ∨ F

Q: For each of the following strings of symbols, determine whether it is a well-formed formula by…

A: Answer:        let's determine whether it is a well-formed formula by writing “yes” if it is and…

Q: Let the predicate N(x) stand for " has visited North Dakota". Which of the following choices is…

A: According to the information given:- We have to choose the correct option to satisfy the statement.

Q: Symbolize each of the following using predicate logic (PL): ELECTRONS are elementary PARTICLES but…

A: Below i have given the answers  Taken the 3 questions as a,b and c

Q: 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 Rainy Overcast Sunny Sunny Sunny Overcast Rainy Rainy Sunny Mild Hot Hot Cool…

A: a) P(Play = Yes) = 5/10 = 0.5b) P(Play = No) = 5/10 = 0.5c) P(O=Sunny | Play = Yes) = 3/5 = 0.6d)…

Q: What do you do if you have a low or moderate-risk device with no identifiable predicate device?

A: A predicate may be a word group made up of a main verb and any helping verbs.

Q: ∃c : Course • c.type = Boxing ∧∃co : Customer • (co,c) ∈Books ∧∃t : Trainer • (t,c) ∈Teaches…

A: ^ - and ∈ - belongs to ∃ - there exists An example of such is •∃c : Course • c.type = boxing ∧ Some…

Q: ranslating quantified statements from English to logic, part 3.

A: Here, the following logical operations are used: Conjunction operation, p∧q, read as "p and q".…

Q: Look at the plot below to answer question: Based on the scatter plot above, the most appropriate…

A: Option d: There is no right answer

Q: 1. Determine whether (p2g)^(¬P) =q.

A: Note: Answering the first question as per the guidelines. In order to show the equivalence of two…

Q: Complete the Truth Tables. STATEMENT: (? ∧ ?) ∨ ~? p q p ∧ q ∼p (p ∧ q)∨∼p T T       T…

A: As given, we need to complete the truth tables for the given statements. i) (p ∧ q) ∨∼p  ii) ~q →…

Q: pleas dont use AI.

A: To determine whether the given article is fake using the fuzzy logic-based model, we need to follow…

Q: Ann likes every toy she plays with it. A doll is a toy. A train is a toy. Ann plays with trains.…

A: To express this in Prolog we must:

Q: 8. Let C(r) be the statement "x has a pet cat," let D(x) be the statement "x has a dog," let H(a) be…

A: A(x) is the statement defined in the problem, it says "x is allergic to animals". Quantifiers are…

Q: Assuming the following predicates: • L(x, y): x is strictly less than y (x0); • D(x, y): x divides y…

A: Solution:   Given,

Q: Answer the following questions about the given statement: ∃c : Course • c.private ∧∃co : Customer •…

A: Logic is a branch of philosophy that studies the principles of valid reasoning and inference. It is…

Q: Why is the following term considered disjunctive normal form; A + ~B but the term…

A: A disjunctive normal form it is canonical normal form that consists of the disjunction of…

Q: You build a model predicting blood pressure as a function of three variables: weight (numeric) age…

A: In this analysis, we are considering a model that predicts blood pressure based on three variables:…

Predicates

A predicate is a function defined with set of variables, which returns the result True or False. The output of a predicate is a Boolean value as a response when given a set of parameters: