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Which of these compounds are polar molecules? Select all that apply. ܝ H-N-H H ammonia H H-C-H I H methane 0=c=0 carbon dioxide None of the above

Which of these compounds are polar molecules? Select all that apply. ܝ H-N-H H ammonia H H-C-H I H methane 0=c=0 carbon dioxide None of the above

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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1. Which of the following Lewis Structures are correct? Select all that apply.

 

2. Which of these compounds are polar molecules? Select all that apply.

**Question:** Which of these compounds are polar molecules? Select all that apply. **Options:** 1. A structure labeled "ammonia" (NH₃) - Diagram: A nitrogen atom (N) with three hydrogen atoms (H) bonded to it, arranged in a trigonal pyramidal shape. The nitrogen has a lone pair of electrons. 2. A structure labeled "methane" (CH₄) - Diagram: A carbon atom (C) with four hydrogen atoms (H) bonded to it, forming a tetrahedral shape. 3. A structure labeled "carbon dioxide" (CO₂) - Diagram: A linear molecule with a central carbon atom (C) double-bonded to two oxygen atoms (O) on either side, each with two lone pairs of electrons. 4. None of the above (checkbox)
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Which of these compounds are polar molecules? Select all that apply. **Options:** 1. A structure labeled "ammonia" (NH₃) - Diagram: A nitrogen atom (N) with three hydrogen atoms (H) bonded to it, arranged in a trigonal pyramidal shape. The nitrogen has a lone pair of electrons. 2. A structure labeled "methane" (CH₄) - Diagram: A carbon atom (C) with four hydrogen atoms (H) bonded to it, forming a tetrahedral shape. 3. A structure labeled "carbon dioxide" (CO₂) - Diagram: A linear molecule with a central carbon atom (C) double-bonded to two oxygen atoms (O) on either side, each with two lone pairs of electrons. 4. None of the above (checkbox)
### Question: Which of these compounds are polar molecules? Select all that apply. ### Options: 1. **Ammonia** - Structure: ``` H | H—N—H | H ``` 2. **Methane** - Structure: ``` H | H—C—H | H ``` 3. **Carbon Dioxide** - Structure: ``` O=C=O ``` 4. **None of the above** ### Explanation: - **Ammonia (NH₃)**: This molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape, which is due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. This shape results in an uneven distribution of charge, making ammonia a polar molecule. - **Methane (CH₄)**: This molecule is tetrahedral with symmetrical charge distribution. Because of this symmetry, methane is a nonpolar molecule. - **Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)**: This molecule is linear. Although the C=O bonds are polar, the linear symmetry results in the cancellation of dipole moments, making carbon dioxide a nonpolar molecule. Select the correct options based on the polarity of each compound.
Transcribed Image Text:### Question: Which of these compounds are polar molecules? Select all that apply. ### Options: 1. **Ammonia** - Structure: ``` H | H—N—H | H ``` 2. **Methane** - Structure: ``` H | H—C—H | H ``` 3. **Carbon Dioxide** - Structure: ``` O=C=O ``` 4. **None of the above** ### Explanation: - **Ammonia (NH₃)**: This molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape, which is due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. This shape results in an uneven distribution of charge, making ammonia a polar molecule. - **Methane (CH₄)**: This molecule is tetrahedral with symmetrical charge distribution. Because of this symmetry, methane is a nonpolar molecule. - **Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)**: This molecule is linear. Although the C=O bonds are polar, the linear symmetry results in the cancellation of dipole moments, making carbon dioxide a nonpolar molecule. Select the correct options based on the polarity of each compound.
Expert Solution
Step 1

Formula for determining hybridisation state :- 

x= (V+M-C+A)/2 

V = valence electrons of central atom 

M = number of monovalent atoms 

C = cationic charge 

A = anionic charge 

If x = 4    hybridisation is sp3 

    x = 3   hybridisation is sp2 

    x = 2   hybridisation is sp

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