Answered: Which of the statements (a)-(d) about…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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$**Reaction Profile Analysis** In the diagram provided, we see a reaction coordinate graph that illustrates the energy changes during the progression of a chemical reaction. The x-axis represents the reaction coordinate, indicating the progression from reactants to products, while the y-axis represents the molecular energy. ### Key Features of the Graph: - **Reactant to Product Transition**: The graph begins with the reactants at a certain energy level. As the reaction progresses, it rises to a peak labeled as $TS_1$ (Transition State 1), then transitions to an intermediate state. - **Intermediate and Transition States**: After the intermediate, it again rises to another peak labeled $TS_2$ (Transition State 2), before descending to the final energy level of the products. - **Energy Levels**: Notably, the final product energy level is lower than the initial reactant energy level, indicating the release of energy. ### Statements & Analysis: - **Statement (a)**: "The rate-determining step of this reaction is the first step." - **Statement (b)**: "This reaction is exothermic." - **Statement (c)**: "The product is less stable than the reactant." - **Statement (d)**: "The intermediate can be isolated." ### Explanation of Statements: 1. **Rate-Determining Step**: This is typically the step with the highest energy barrier. The graph should be analyzed to determine which transition state has the higher peak. 2. **Exothermic Reaction**: Since the product energy is lower than the reactant energy, the reaction releases energy, confirming it is exothermic. 3. **Stability of Product**: Lower energy levels generally correspond to higher stability, so the product is more stable than the reactant. 4. **Isolation of Intermediate**: Whether the intermediate can be isolated depends on the energy profile and the speed at which it transitions to the product. ### Correctness: - Given the graph, the statement that appears incorrect would relate to the stability comparison or isolation potential, as the product shows lower energy than the reactant, and the intermediate's energy profile suggests rapid conversion between states. Use this analysis to enhance your understanding of chemical reaction profiles and energy diagrams.$

Transcribed Image Text:**Reaction Profile Analysis** In the diagram provided, we see a reaction coordinate graph that illustrates the energy changes during the progression of a chemical reaction. The x-axis represents the reaction coordinate, indicating the progression from reactants to products, while the y-axis represents the molecular energy. ### Key Features of the Graph: - **Reactant to Product Transition**: The graph begins with the reactants at a certain energy level. As the reaction progresses, it rises to a peak labeled as $TS_1$ (Transition State 1), then transitions to an intermediate state. - **Intermediate and Transition States**: After the intermediate, it again rises to another peak labeled $TS_2$ (Transition State 2), before descending to the final energy level of the products. - **Energy Levels**: Notably, the final product energy level is lower than the initial reactant energy level, indicating the release of energy. ### Statements & Analysis: - **Statement (a)**: "The rate-determining step of this reaction is the first step." - **Statement (b)**: "This reaction is exothermic." - **Statement (c)**: "The product is less stable than the reactant." - **Statement (d)**: "The intermediate can be isolated." ### Explanation of Statements: 1. **Rate-Determining Step**: This is typically the step with the highest energy barrier. The graph should be analyzed to determine which transition state has the higher peak. 2. **Exothermic Reaction**: Since the product energy is lower than the reactant energy, the reaction releases energy, confirming it is exothermic. 3. **Stability of Product**: Lower energy levels generally correspond to higher stability, so the product is more stable than the reactant. 4. **Isolation of Intermediate**: Whether the intermediate can be isolated depends on the energy profile and the speed at which it transitions to the product. ### Correctness: - Given the graph, the statement that appears incorrect would relate to the stability comparison or isolation potential, as the product shows lower energy than the reactant, and the intermediate's energy profile suggests rapid conversion between states. Use this analysis to enhance your understanding of chemical reaction profiles and energy diagrams.

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