Which of the following would lower the estimate of the uniqueness of a DNA profile? creating the profile using a large number of loci using loci with a large number of alleles in the population the number of related individuals O originating from large population of random mating individuals

Which of the following would lower the estimate of the uniqueness of a DNA profile? creating the profile using a large number of loci using loci with a large number of alleles in the population the number of related individuals O originating from large population of random mating individuals

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter14: Biotechnology And Society

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10QP

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The following are three possible combinations of DNAcharacteristics that may be found in an individual’sgenetic profile. Using the product rule, rank each ofthese combinations of DNA characteristics from mostcommon to least common. The number after each characteristic indicates its percentage distribution in thepopulation.a. FGA 24,24 (3.6%), TH01 6,8 (8.1%), and D16S53911,12 (8.9%)b. vWA 14,19 (6.2%), D21S11 30,30 (3.9%), andD13S317 12,12 (8.5%)c. CSF1PO 9,10 (11.2%), D18S51 14,17 (2.8%), andD8S1179 17,18 (6.7%)
(True/False) Scientists have now been able to use the genomic data to determine whether a particular DNA segement can be used to profile similarity/difference among a population. In addition to the traditional definition of alleles, which are derived from a gene; the SNP/haplotype variation derived from the inter-gene area sometimes is also called an "allele". O True False
Based on this AGE profile, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? M Uncut (Pure) Ndel Ndel +Notl bp 2.35u 6000 2.61u 2.61u 5000 3.58u 4.26u 2000 4.84u 5.47u 1000 5.95u 6.67u 500 7.88u 250 9.47u 100 10.68u 50 12.27u 20 Dye front: 16u O the DNA sample may be circular O the DNA sample may not contain an Ndel restriction site O the DNA sample may contain 2 or more Notl restriction sites O the DNA sample may be contaminated 2.67u g F
Polymorphism of body color is caused by two alleles in a fly. One allele's homozygotes are brown, other homozygotes allele are pale, whereas heterozygotes have orange color. This is the observation made by the experimenters: brown: 100 pale: 100 orange: 50 find the genotype frequncy under hardy-weinberg equil. and then show the calcultaions to find the coefficient of inbredding for this locus.
Which one of the following options most accurately describes the process that generates the signature of a selective sweep in DNA sequence data? suppression of mutation over a long haplotype centered on a positively selected allele genetic hitchhiking of neutral alleles flanking the favored allele at the nucleotide site under positive selection O higher than average recombination around the core allele under positive selection
population is black in colour but about 1/4 of them are white. gene (B) that produces an enzyme that converts a pigment molecule to produce the Black colour. There are 2 alleles of this gene - the dominant B and the recessive b. DNA analysis shows that black individuals have either a BB or Bb genotype and that white individuals have a bb phenotype. However, you have discovered that a small percentage of White individuals have either a BB or Bb genotype. Explain two reasons that could explain this apparent anomaly. They have a BB or Bb genotype but a white phenotype.
The karyotype at right is from which of the following animals? a b Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. C d e A male bird. A male platypus. A female platypus. A female bird. 1883 000 1 2 3 4 5 A male gopher. 7 8 9 10 Z W
The bination of genes during reproduction in an important step in the evolutionary process What effect does the recombination of genetic material have on a population of organioms? O Recombination increasses the ability of all offspring to survive in a stable environment O Recombinalion decreases the genetic variation of a population which helps maintain a stable population O Recombination decreases the chance of producing offspring that are able to adapt to the new environment. O Racombination increases the genetic variation of the population that enables a species to adapt to change.
Can DNA profiling identify the source of a sample with absolute certainty? Because any two human genomes differ at about 3 million sites, no two persons (except identical twins) have the same DNA sequence. Unique identification with DNA profiling is therefore possible if enough sites of variation are examined. However, the systems used today examine only a few sites of variation. Nonetheless, even with todays technology, which uses three to five loci, a match between two DNA patterns can be considered strong evidence that the two samples came from the same source. DNA profiling in criminal cases has been a useful tool in establishing both guilt and innocence. Originally, DNA databases contained only the profiles of convicted felons. Over time, however, law enforcement agencies have expanded the collection and use of DNA profiles, and these new policies are causing controversies, once again illustrating how the availability and use of genetic technology is often ahead of consensus on how and when this technology should be used. One of these new policies is postarrest DNA collection. At this writing, 18 U.S. states as well as the federal government allow the collection of DNA samples after an arrest but before conviction. These profiles become part of the states DNA database, which is often searched for evidence in cold cases. Courts across the country have ruled for and against the use of such samples. In 2012, the Maryland Court of Appeals ruled that the collection of DNA samples from someone who has been arrested but not convicted is unconstitutional and violates an individuals right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure. The case began when a DNA sample was taken from Alonzo Jay King, Jr., who was arrested in 2009 for assault. In a database search, the DNA profile matched that taken from a 2003 unsolved rape. Based on the results of the database search, the man was sentenced to life in prison. The rape conviction was reversed, and the case was sent back to a lower court. As a result, some 16,000 DNA profiles collected postarrest but preconviction since 2009 cannot be used pending appeal of this decision. Before the court decision, postarrest DNA profiles were used in 65 arrests that resulted in 34 convictions, with an additional 12 cases pending. Supporters of postarrest DNA profiling claim that taking a DNA sample by a cheek swab is noninvasive and no different from taking someones fingerprints. Opponents claim that because DNA samples can be used to determine much more than a DNA profile, they are a threat to privacy, and that because minorities are more likely to be arrested, the practice is discriminatory. What if you learned that law enforcement officials were saving the DNA sample for use in tests that might be developed in the future?
Can DNA profiling identify the source of a sample with absolute certainty? Because any two human genomes differ at about 3 million sites, no two persons (except identical twins) have the same DNA sequence. Unique identification with DNA profiling is therefore possible if enough sites of variation are examined. However, the systems used today examine only a few sites of variation. Nonetheless, even with todays technology, which uses three to five loci, a match between two DNA patterns can be considered strong evidence that the two samples came from the same source. DNA profiling in criminal cases has been a useful tool in establishing both guilt and innocence. Originally, DNA databases contained only the profiles of convicted felons. Over time, however, law enforcement agencies have expanded the collection and use of DNA profiles, and these new policies are causing controversies, once again illustrating how the availability and use of genetic technology is often ahead of consensus on how and when this technology should be used. One of these new policies is postarrest DNA collection. At this writing, 18 U.S. states as well as the federal government allow the collection of DNA samples after an arrest but before conviction. These profiles become part of the states DNA database, which is often searched for evidence in cold cases. Courts across the country have ruled for and against the use of such samples. In 2012, the Maryland Court of Appeals ruled that the collection of DNA samples from someone who has been arrested but not convicted is unconstitutional and violates an individuals right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure. The case began when a DNA sample was taken from Alonzo Jay King, Jr., who was arrested in 2009 for assault. In a database search, the DNA profile matched that taken from a 2003 unsolved rape. Based on the results of the database search, the man was sentenced to life in prison. The rape conviction was reversed, and the case was sent back to a lower court. As a result, some 16,000 DNA profiles collected postarrest but preconviction since 2009 cannot be used pending appeal of this decision. Before the court decision, postarrest DNA profiles were used in 65 arrests that resulted in 34 convictions, with an additional 12 cases pending. Supporters of postarrest DNA profiling claim that taking a DNA sample by a cheek swab is noninvasive and no different from taking someones fingerprints. Opponents claim that because DNA samples can be used to determine much more than a DNA profile, they are a threat to privacy, and that because minorities are more likely to be arrested, the practice is discriminatory. Would you object if you were arrested for a minor offense, such as a traffic violation, and ordered to provide a DNA sample?
Can DNA profiling identify the source of a sample with absolute certainty? Because any two human genomes differ at about 3 million sites, no two persons (except identical twins) have the same DNA sequence. Unique identification with DNA profiling is therefore possible if enough sites of variation are examined. However, the systems used today examine only a few sites of variation. Nonetheless, even with todays technology, which uses three to five loci, a match between two DNA patterns can be considered strong evidence that the two samples came from the same source. DNA profiling in criminal cases has been a useful tool in establishing both guilt and innocence. Originally, DNA databases contained only the profiles of convicted felons. Over time, however, law enforcement agencies have expanded the collection and use of DNA profiles, and these new policies are causing controversies, once again illustrating how the availability and use of genetic technology is often ahead of consensus on how and when this technology should be used. One of these new policies is postarrest DNA collection. At this writing, 18 U.S. states as well as the federal government allow the collection of DNA samples after an arrest but before conviction. These profiles become part of the states DNA database, which is often searched for evidence in cold cases. Courts across the country have ruled for and against the use of such samples. In 2012, the Maryland Court of Appeals ruled that the collection of DNA samples from someone who has been arrested but not convicted is unconstitutional and violates an individuals right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure. The case began when a DNA sample was taken from Alonzo Jay King, Jr., who was arrested in 2009 for assault. In a database search, the DNA profile matched that taken from a 2003 unsolved rape. Based on the results of the database search, the man was sentenced to life in prison. The rape conviction was reversed, and the case was sent back to a lower court. As a result, some 16,000 DNA profiles collected postarrest but preconviction since 2009 cannot be used pending appeal of this decision. Before the court decision, postarrest DNA profiles were used in 65 arrests that resulted in 34 convictions, with an additional 12 cases pending. Supporters of postarrest DNA profiling claim that taking a DNA sample by a cheek swab is noninvasive and no different from taking someones fingerprints. Opponents claim that because DNA samples can be used to determine much more than a DNA profile, they are a threat to privacy, and that because minorities are more likely to be arrested, the practice is discriminatory. What are your thoughts on the collection and use of postarrest DNA profiles?
Isolated population diverges Нybrid zone Gene flow Hybrid Barrier to gene flow Population (five individuals are shown) The figure shows what happens when two populations that have been separated now meet in a hybrid zone. Two of the possible outcomes are the reinforcement of the differences between the two populations, or the fusion of the two populations. The following statements were made about this situation: a. For reinforcement to occur, there must be gene flow between the two populations b. For fusion to occur, there must be gene flow between the two populations c. Reinforcement is based on parazygotic isolation d. Fusion involves reinforcement Which is/are TRUE? CA a CB.b Ccb, c, d CD.a, b, c, d CE No answer