Which of the following statements correctly describes how different evolutionary groups obtain resources? O Protists can be heterotrophic or autotrophic Protists are exclusively heterotrophic O Fungi can be heterotrophic or autotrophic Plants are exclusively autotrophic
Structure and Composition of Cell Membrane
Despite differences in structure and function, all living cells in multicellular organisms are surrounded by a cell membrane. Just like the outer layer of the skin separates the body from its environment similarly, the cell membrane, also known as 'plasma membrane,' separates the inner content from its exterior environment.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is known by different names like plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, or biological membrane. The term "cell membrane" was first introduced by C. Nageli and C. Cramer in the year 1855. Later on, in 1931, the term "plasmalemma" for cell membrane was given by J. Plowe. The cell membrane separates the cell's internal environment from the extracellular space. This separation allows the protection of cells from their environment.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
The cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of life. The cell membrane bounds it. It is capable of independent existence.
Protists are the unicellular organisms having eukaryotic cell i.e. they have a prominent nucleus and other membrane bound cell organelles.
Protists have a variety of ways to obtain their carbons , some of them are autotrophs that means they are photosynthetic having photosynthetic enzymes and pigments so they can prepare their own food and obtain energy. Example - Algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates etc.
But there are many protists which are heterotrops, as they can't perform photosynthesis and are dependent on autotrophic organisms for their nutrition. Example - Amoeba, paramecium etc.
Fungi are the eukaryotic organisms having having chitinous cell wall and dense network called mycellium formed of branches called as hypae.
it's cells do not have Chloroplasts, thus they could not perform photosynthesis. They are dependent on other organisms for obtaining their nutrition i.e. they are exclusively heterotrops.
Plants are the eukaryotic organisms having cellulosic cell wall and most of the plants have photosynthetic structures (Chloroplasts) containing photosynthetic enzymes and pigments and perform photosynthesis so called as autotrophs, but plants are not exclusively autotrophs.
There are some plants which are heterotrops or parasitic on other plants called as host, they don't have photosynthetic pigments but they have special cells called as haustoria, through which they obtain their nutrition from their host.
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