Which of the following statements about HGL and EGL is correct? O For any pipe will a constant wall thickness, the slopes of EGL and HGL will be constant. O If the EGL falls below the pipe, then pressure head is negative, indicating a potential location of cavitation. O When a flow passage decreases in diameter, the distance between the EGL and HGL will increase. O When a pipe discharges into the atmosphere, both HGL and EGL will coincide with the system because pressure head is zero at these points.
Which of the following statements about HGL and EGL is correct? O For any pipe will a constant wall thickness, the slopes of EGL and HGL will be constant. O If the EGL falls below the pipe, then pressure head is negative, indicating a potential location of cavitation. O When a flow passage decreases in diameter, the distance between the EGL and HGL will increase. O When a pipe discharges into the atmosphere, both HGL and EGL will coincide with the system because pressure head is zero at these points.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Hydraulic and Energy Grade Lines (HGL and EGL): Key Concepts**
In fluid mechanics, understanding the behavior of hydraulic and energy grade lines (HGL and EGL) is crucial for analyzing fluid flow in pipelines. Below are critical statements regarding HGL and EGL, providing insights into their characteristics and relationships:
1. **Constant Wall Thickness and Slopes:**
- *Statement:* For any pipe with a constant wall thickness, the slopes of EGL and HGL will be constant.
- *Analysis:* This suggests a uniform energy gradient along the pipe when there is no change in elevation or diameter.
2. **Negative Pressure Head:**
- *Statement:* If the EGL falls below the pipe, then pressure head is negative, indicating a potential location of cavitation.
- *Analysis:* Such a scenario can lead to cavitation, which occurs when the pressure in a fluid drops below its vapor pressure, forming vapor bubbles that can cause damage when they collapse.
3. **Effect of Decreased Diameter:**
- *Statement:* When a flow passage decreases in diameter, the distance between the EGL and HGL will increase.
- *Analysis:* This indicates an increase in velocity head due to the conservation of energy, resulting in a greater difference between the total energy line (EGL) and the hydraulic grade line (HGL).
4. **Discharge into Atmosphere:**
- *Statement:* When a pipe discharges into the atmosphere, both HGL and EGL will coincide with the system because pressure head is zero at these points.
- *Analysis:* At discharge points, the impact of atmospheric pressure leads to both EGL and HGL aligning as pressure head becomes negligible.
Understanding these principles supports better design and analysis of fluid systems, ensuring efficient and safe operation.
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