**Understanding Hydraulic and Energy Grade Lines (HGL and EGL): Key Concepts**In fluid mechanics, understanding the behavior of hydraulic and energy grade lines (HGL and EGL) is crucial for analyzing fluid flow in pipelines. Below are critical statements regarding HGL and EGL, providing insights into their characteristics and relationships:1. **Constant Wall Thickness and Slopes:** - *Statement:* For any pipe with a constant wall thickness, the slopes of EGL and HGL will be constant. - *Analysis:* This suggests a uniform energy gradient along the pipe when there is no change in elevation or diameter.2. **Negative Pressure Head:** - *Statement:* If the EGL falls below the pipe, then pressure head is negative, indicating a potential location of cavitation. - *Analysis:* Such a scenario can lead to cavitation, which occurs when the pressure in a fluid drops below its vapor pressure, forming vapor bubbles that can cause damage when they collapse.3. **Effect of Decreased Diameter:** - *Statement:* When a flow passage decreases in diameter, the distance between the EGL and HGL will increase. - *Analysis:* This indicates an increase in velocity head due to the conservation of energy, resulting in a greater difference between the total energy line (EGL) and the hydraulic grade line (HGL).4. **Discharge into Atmosphere:** - *Statement:* When a pipe discharges into the atmosphere, both HGL and EGL will coincide with the system because pressure head is zero at these points. - *Analysis:* At discharge points, the impact of atmospheric pressure leads to both EGL and HGL aligning as pressure head becomes negligible.Understanding these principles supports better design and analysis of fluid systems, ensuring efficient and safe operation.

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/51e0c1fb-d38f-42c2-a475-8731c37cc79e.jpg

Which of the following statements about HGL and EGL is correct? O For any pipe will a constant wall thickness, the slopes of EGL and HGL will be constant. O If the EGL falls below the pipe, then pressure head is negative, indicating a potential location of cavitation. O When a flow passage decreases in diameter, the distance between the EGL and HGL will increase. O When a pipe discharges into the atmosphere, both HGL and EGL will coincide with the system because pressure head is zero at these points.

Which of the following statements about HGL and EGL is correct? O For any pipe will a constant wall thickness, the slopes of EGL and HGL will be constant. O If the EGL falls below the pipe, then pressure head is negative, indicating a potential location of cavitation. O When a flow passage decreases in diameter, the distance between the EGL and HGL will increase. O When a pipe discharges into the atmosphere, both HGL and EGL will coincide with the system because pressure head is zero at these points.

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

A compound shaft consists of a titanium alloy [G = 6,200 ksi] tube (1) and a solid stainless steel [G = 11,500 ksi] shaft (2). Tube (1) has a length of L1 = 40 in., an outside diameter of D1 = 2.05 in., and a wall thickness of t1 = 0.120 in. Shaft (2) has a length of L2 = 54 in. and a diameter of d2 = 1.05 in. If an external torque of TB = 580 lb·ft acts at pulley B in the direction shown, calculate the torque TC required at pulley C so that the rotation angle of pulley C relative to A is zero.
Glycerin flows at 35 m through a 150 mm diameter new wrought iron pipe at a velocity of 3 m/s. It has an absoluteviscosity of 1.50 Pa-s and a specific gravity of glycerin = 1.26.3. Solve for the coefficient of pipe friction
Soil mechanics ضهقحشكوظز
14
A circular aluminum alloy [E = 70 GPa; a = 22.5 × 10-6/°C; v = 0.33] pipe has an outside diameter of 215 mm, a wall thickness of 12 mm, and a length of 4.3 m. The pipe supports a compressive load of 695 kN. After the temperature of the pipe drops 43°C, determine: (a) the axial deformation of the pipe. (b) the change in diameter of the pipe. Answer: (a) ō = i AD = i mm mm
A steel penstock 60 cm in diameter has a shell thickness of 1.2 cm. The modulus of elasticity of pipe shell material is 2.1 × 105 N/mm² with a Poisson's ratio of 1/4, and the volume modulus of elasticity of water is 2.1 × 103 N/mm². The pipe is designed to discharge water at mean velocity of 2.1 m/sec Determine the water hammer pressure rise caused by sudden closure of the valve at the d/s end (1) neglecting the elasticity of the pipe material; and (2) considering the elasticity of the pipe material.
The absolute viscosity of the liquid is 1.8 x 10^-3 Pa-s and its SG is 2.40. Compute the equivalent value in stokes
Consider a pressure vessel that is made of two half-spherical domes with 1 ft in diameter, and the cylinder portion is 3 ft in length and is subjected to 100 psi pressure. The maximum tensile strength of the material is 55 ksi. The factor of safety for this design is 1.5. Problem: Determine the minimum thickness for this design.
A compound shaft consists of a titanium alloy [G = 6,200 ksi] tube (1) and a solid stainless steel [G= 11,500 ksi] shaft (2). Tube (1) has a length of L₁ = 48 in., an outside diameter of D₁ = 2.35 in., and a wall thickness of t₁ = 0.160 in. Shaft (2) has a length of L2 = 56 in. and a diameter of d₂ = 1.25 in. If an external torque of TB = 640 lb-ft acts at pulley B in the direction shown, calculate the torque Tc required at pulley C so that the rotation angle of pulley C relative to A is zero. x Answer: Tc= C B TB Tc (2) (1) L2 L₁ lb-ft+ N
A spherical pressured tank of radius 1.5m is being designed by a civil engineer to be a storage of natural gas from the Malampaya gas field. The gas it will contain is subject to a change in temperature of 295 °C with an internal pressure of 20 MPa. The final design of the tank gives a 9 mm wall thickness with a Poisson's ratio of 0.28. Use a = 11.7x10 /°C and E = 200 GPa. %3D a. Determine the tangential/longitudinal stress. b. Change in radius.
I need the answer as soon as possible