Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Question
Which of the following molecules is optically active?
This molecule has a chiral center with the following configuration:
- One methyl group (CH₃) attached through a solid wedge indicating a bond coming out of the plane toward the observer.
- Other substituents branching in different directions, some indicated with dashed lines (going away from the observer) and others with regular lines (in the plane of the paper).
2. 
This molecule indicates another structure with:
- One chiral carbon bonded to a methyl group through a solid wedge.
- Other structural lines and bonds diverging away from that carbon center.
3. 
This molecule is marked as the correct answer, indicating an optically active compound:
- The specific arrangement shows two chiral centers bonded to methyl groups (CH₃), both represented by solid and dashed wedges.
4. 
This molecule depicts a cyclic structure with:
- One chiral center bonded to a methyl group using a wedge and dashed lines showing other bonds in the plane or behind the plane.
5. 
Another cyclic molecule with:
- Two chiral centers connected to methyl groups (CH₃), illustrated through wedge and dashed arrangements for spatial configuration.
**Explanation:**
Optical activity arises due to the presence of chiral centers in molecules, which are carbon atoms attached to four different groups. The configuration causes non-superimposable mirror images (enantiomers) which rotate plane-polarized light. The third molecule among the given options is identified as the optically active molecule because it has the specific spatial arrangement of atoms leading to chirality.
**Key Education Point:**
Understanding chirality and optically active molecules is crucial for grasping concepts in stereochemistry. Identifying chiral centers involves checking for carbon atoms bonded to four different groups, including geometric and structural analysis of molecular diagrams.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ffecf0199-5d99-4d17-8a30-9f51b3155c4f%2F1dc65bfc-848a-4acc-ad30-77a20f23d193%2Fdg6kren_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Which of the following molecules is optically active?**
1. 
This molecule has a chiral center with the following configuration:
- One methyl group (CH₃) attached through a solid wedge indicating a bond coming out of the plane toward the observer.
- Other substituents branching in different directions, some indicated with dashed lines (going away from the observer) and others with regular lines (in the plane of the paper).
2. 
This molecule indicates another structure with:
- One chiral carbon bonded to a methyl group through a solid wedge.
- Other structural lines and bonds diverging away from that carbon center.
3. 
This molecule is marked as the correct answer, indicating an optically active compound:
- The specific arrangement shows two chiral centers bonded to methyl groups (CH₃), both represented by solid and dashed wedges.
4. 
This molecule depicts a cyclic structure with:
- One chiral center bonded to a methyl group using a wedge and dashed lines showing other bonds in the plane or behind the plane.
5. 
Another cyclic molecule with:
- Two chiral centers connected to methyl groups (CH₃), illustrated through wedge and dashed arrangements for spatial configuration.
**Explanation:**
Optical activity arises due to the presence of chiral centers in molecules, which are carbon atoms attached to four different groups. The configuration causes non-superimposable mirror images (enantiomers) which rotate plane-polarized light. The third molecule among the given options is identified as the optically active molecule because it has the specific spatial arrangement of atoms leading to chirality.
**Key Education Point:**
Understanding chirality and optically active molecules is crucial for grasping concepts in stereochemistry. Identifying chiral centers involves checking for carbon atoms bonded to four different groups, including geometric and structural analysis of molecular diagrams.
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 2 images
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY