Lipids
The heterogeneous classes of organic compounds that are not water-soluble but are dissolved in organic solvents that are non-polar in nature are termed lipids. They are a long chain of fatty acids and esters of alcohols. Lipids are generally seen in several plants, microorganisms, and animals. They are utilized as insulation, components of the cell membrane, hormones, and molecules for the storage of energy.
Glycerophospholipid
Glycerophospholipid is the most abundantly occuring phospholipids found in the biological membranes. Lipids include a group of organic compounds like fats, hormones, oils, waxes, vitamins etc. They are non-polar molecules and are insoluble in water. Lipids play an important role in biological systems. They are the building blocks of our cell membranes, store energy and are involved in signaling.
Structure Of Camphor
A terpene with the molecular formula of C10H16O is a waxy, white color solid known as camphor. It is flammable. It also possesses a very pungent taste and a strong odor. There are various sources for extracting camphor from natural products such as the wood of the tree of camphor laurel. Sublimation of wood and steam distillation are some of the methods involved in obtaining camphor.
Glycolipid In Organic Chemistry
Glycolipids are lipids that are an important class of organic compounds in chemistry that have simple to complex applications. They contain carbohydrates, fatty acids, sphingolipids or a glycerol group. In other words, they are the modifications of lipids like acylglycerols, prenols and ceramides. They are all part of a wider group of compounds known as glycoconjugates.
Diterpenoid
The terpenoid class includes diterpenoids, which are chemical compounds with 20 carbon atoms. They are made up of four isoprene units and are derived from geranylgeraniol, a C20 precursor. They have a C20H32 basic structure. These characteristics distinguish diterpenoids from simple terpenes, which have just 10 carbon atoms.
![**Question:**
Which of the following membranes would be the least fluid?
**Options:**
**a)**
```
O
||
O--C
|
CH2 (n)
|
CH3+
```
**b)**
```
O
||
O--C
|
CH2 (n)
|
CH3
```
**c)**
```
O
||
O--C
|
CH2 (n)
|
CH3
```
**d)**
```
O
||
O--C
|
CH2 (n)
|
CH3
```
**Explanation:**
The question presents four different molecular structures, labeled as options a), b), c), and d). Each structure is a schematic representation of a membrane component. The task is to identify which of the given membranes would exhibit the least fluidity.
1. **Option a)** features a carboxylic acid group (–COOH) at the end, followed by a hydrocarbon chain. Notably, a methyl group (CH3) bears a positive charge at the end of the chain.
2. **Option b)** depicts a deprotonated carboxylate group (–COO-) at the end, followed by a hydrocarbon chain with a neutral methyl group (CH3) at its end.
3. **Option c)** shows a carboxylic acid group (–COOH) at the end, similar to option a), followed by a hydrocarbon chain and a neutral methyl group (CH3) at its end.
4. **Option d)** illustrates a deprotonated carboxylate group (–COO-) at the end, similar to option b), followed by a hydrocarbon chain and a neutral methyl group (CH3) at its end.
To determine membrane fluidity, one should consider the saturation level of the hydrocarbon chains, the presence of double bonds, and the type of terminal functional groups. Saturated chains (no double bonds) and tightly packed structures tend to be less fluid.
Based on these considerations, options b) and d) are more likely to be less fluid due to the presence of negatively charged carboxylate groups (–COO-), which can form stronger interactions (like ionic bonds or hydrogen bonds) compared to the neutral group structures](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F703b43e5-ae23-420c-b3a8-d626b9b6023e%2F5a404373-084a-4861-9a41-cf4df8d8694f%2Fqq925yu_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 1 images
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Principles of Instrumental Analysis](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Principles of Instrumental Analysis](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Organic Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078021558/9780078021558_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry: Principles and Reactions](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079373/9781305079373_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781118431221/9781118431221_smallCoverImage.gif)