Which of the following may be connected to sample or sample size in relation to public health? * I. Sample is a fraction of the population of interest II. Sample must have the same characteristics as the population to arrive at a correct inference II. In sampling, collection of relatively large entities or objects are observed IV. Exclusion of eligible participant is only applicable in population selection I and II I only I, Il and III O 1, I, II and IV

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Which of the following may be connected to sample or sample size in relation to
public health? *
I. Sample is a fraction of the population of interest
II. Sample must have the same characteristics as the population to arrive at a correct inference
II. In sampling, collection of relatively large entities or objects are observed
IV. Exclusion of eligible participant is only applicable in population selection
I and II
I only
I, Il and III
O I, I, II and IV
Refer to the given case below. How many independent variables were studied in
the given case? *
Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is the most frequent disease among people from industrialized countries who
travel to less developed ones, especially sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Asia and South America. The
most common bacteria causing TD is enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The WC/rBS cholera
vaccine (Dukoral) has been shown to induce cross-protection against ETEC by means of the B
subunit of the cholera toxin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the WC/rBS
cholera vaccine in preventing TD. The vaccinated group (n = 544 travelers) included people
vaccinated with the WC/rBS cholera vaccine, and the non-vaccinated group (n = 530 travelers) by
people not vaccinated. The cumulative incidence rate of TD was 1.69 in vaccinated and 2.14 in non-
vaccinated subjects. The adjusted relative risk of TD in vaccinated travelers was 0.72 (95% Cl: 0.58-
0.88) and the adjusted vaccination effectiveness was 28% (95% CI: 12-42).
O 1
No independent variable present
2
3
Transcribed Image Text:Which of the following may be connected to sample or sample size in relation to public health? * I. Sample is a fraction of the population of interest II. Sample must have the same characteristics as the population to arrive at a correct inference II. In sampling, collection of relatively large entities or objects are observed IV. Exclusion of eligible participant is only applicable in population selection I and II I only I, Il and III O I, I, II and IV Refer to the given case below. How many independent variables were studied in the given case? * Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is the most frequent disease among people from industrialized countries who travel to less developed ones, especially sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Asia and South America. The most common bacteria causing TD is enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The WC/rBS cholera vaccine (Dukoral) has been shown to induce cross-protection against ETEC by means of the B subunit of the cholera toxin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the WC/rBS cholera vaccine in preventing TD. The vaccinated group (n = 544 travelers) included people vaccinated with the WC/rBS cholera vaccine, and the non-vaccinated group (n = 530 travelers) by people not vaccinated. The cumulative incidence rate of TD was 1.69 in vaccinated and 2.14 in non- vaccinated subjects. The adjusted relative risk of TD in vaccinated travelers was 0.72 (95% Cl: 0.58- 0.88) and the adjusted vaccination effectiveness was 28% (95% CI: 12-42). O 1 No independent variable present 2 3
Refer to the given case below. What was the dependent variable in the given
case? *
Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is the most frequent disease among people from industrialized countries who
travel to less developed ones, especialy sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Asia and South America. The
most common bacteria causing TD is enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The WC/rBS cholera
vaccine (Dukoral) has been shown to induce cross-protection against ETEC by means of the B
subunit of the cholera toxin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the WC/rBS
cholera vaccine in preventing TD. The vaccinated group (n = 544 travelers) included people
vaccinated with the WC/rBS cholera vaccine, and the non-vaccinated group (n = 530 travelers) by
people not vaccinated. The cumulative incidence rate of TD was 1.69 in vaccinated and 2.14 in non-
vaccinated subjects. The adjusted relative risk of TD in vaccinated travelers was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.58-
0.88) and the adjusted vaccination effectiveness was 28% (95% CI: 12-42).
Occurrence of traveler's diarrhea
Industrialized country using Dukoral
ETEC infection
wc/rBS cholera vaccination status
Which among the following statements about the different types of variables are
correct? "
I. Independent variables always have an effect on dependent variables
II. Covariates have an effect on dependent variables
II. The dependent variables are the variables being manipulated
IV. Independent variables explain the presumed effect to X variables
Only one of the statements is correct
O Two of the statements are correct
O All of the statements are correct
O Three of the statements are correct
Transcribed Image Text:Refer to the given case below. What was the dependent variable in the given case? * Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is the most frequent disease among people from industrialized countries who travel to less developed ones, especialy sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Asia and South America. The most common bacteria causing TD is enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The WC/rBS cholera vaccine (Dukoral) has been shown to induce cross-protection against ETEC by means of the B subunit of the cholera toxin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the WC/rBS cholera vaccine in preventing TD. The vaccinated group (n = 544 travelers) included people vaccinated with the WC/rBS cholera vaccine, and the non-vaccinated group (n = 530 travelers) by people not vaccinated. The cumulative incidence rate of TD was 1.69 in vaccinated and 2.14 in non- vaccinated subjects. The adjusted relative risk of TD in vaccinated travelers was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.58- 0.88) and the adjusted vaccination effectiveness was 28% (95% CI: 12-42). Occurrence of traveler's diarrhea Industrialized country using Dukoral ETEC infection wc/rBS cholera vaccination status Which among the following statements about the different types of variables are correct? " I. Independent variables always have an effect on dependent variables II. Covariates have an effect on dependent variables II. The dependent variables are the variables being manipulated IV. Independent variables explain the presumed effect to X variables Only one of the statements is correct O Two of the statements are correct O All of the statements are correct O Three of the statements are correct
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