Which of the following is True and which of the following is false: 1) Psychoactive drugs rarely provoke a response by the area postrema due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier easily. 2) George weighs 200 lbs and Marcy weighs 120 lbs. Both are sadly opioid addicts. If they both inject the same amount of heroin, they will likely have similar experiences because the amount of blood you have is not related to your weight. 3) Drugs that are addictive always produce tolerance and withdrawal.
Which of the following is True and which of the following is false:
1) Psychoactive drugs rarely provoke a response by the area postrema due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier easily.
2) George weighs 200 lbs and Marcy weighs 120 lbs. Both are sadly opioid addicts. If they both inject the same amount of heroin, they will likely have similar experiences because the amount of blood you have is not related to your weight.
3) Drugs that are addictive always produce tolerance and withdrawal.
4) Symptoms of withdrawal are usually the opposite of the effects of the previously used drug.
5) Although their main effects occur in other neurochemical systems, both MDMA (Ecstasy) and cannabis distort the activity of dopamine, suggesting that these drugs have the potential to be addictive.
6) Opioids produce most of their effects by enhancing the release of a variety of neurochemicals from presynaptic axon terminals.
6) Dr. Baskin is studying the heritability of aggressiveness in tigers. The tigers she is studying have all lived in the same compounds, eaten the same foods, and had the same levels of social interaction. It is likely that Dr. Baskin will overestimate the impact of environmental factors on aggressiveness based on her methods.
7) A methylated gene will be unable to produce its protein.
8) We have no current evidence supporting transgenerational epigenetic transmission.
9) Migrating cells that form the cerebral cortex must pass cells already in place. In other words, the cortex forms from the inside out.
10) A guidepost cell can either attract advancing growth cones or repel them, but cannot perform both functions.
11) Use of many over-the-counter medications like aspirin and acetaminophen (Tylenol, etc.) during pregnancy can produce adverse effects in offspring.
12) Fragile X can be inherited, but Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is usually the result of maternal age.
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True or False:
4) Symptoms of withdrawal are usually the opposite of the effects of the previously used drug.
5) Although their main effects occur in other neurochemical systems, both MDMA (Ecstasy) and cannabis distort the activity of dopamine, suggesting that these drugs have the potential to be addictive.
6) Opioids produce most of their effects by enhancing the release of a variety of neurochemicals from presynaptic axon terminals.