Atomic Structure
The basic structure of an atom is defined as the component-level of atomic structure of an atom. Precisely speaking an atom consists of three major subatomic particles which are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Many theories have been stated for explaining the structure of an atom.
Shape of the D Orbital
Shapes of orbitals are an approximate representation of boundaries in space for finding electrons occupied in that respective orbital. D orbitals are known to have a clover leaf shape or dumbbell inside where electrons can be found.
In chemistry , electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
An electromagnetic wave has the following characteristics:
- Wavelength: It is the distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave. It is denoted by the Greek letter (lambda).
- Frequency : It represents the number of waves which pass through a given point in one second. It is denoted by (nu).
- Velocity(c): It is defined as the distance covered in one second by the waves. Velocity of light is
- Wave number: It is the reciprocal of wavelength and has units cm-1 It is denoted by v (nu bar).
- Amplitude(a): It is the height of the crest or depth of the trough of a wave.
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