Which of the following is the rate- determining step in the electrophilic aromatic substitution of benzene? Formation of the sigma A complex Loss of proton from the sigma complex Formation of the electrophile Addition of the electrophile E None of these
Q: Nitration of benzene is carried out by which of the following reactive ?species NO3 O HNO3 O "NO2 O…
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Q: Which of the following two compounds eliminates HBr more rapidly in a basic solution?
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Q: Which of the following shows the three steps of the EAS mechanism in order? 1) O 1) The correct…
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Q: Identify the mechanism by which each of the reactions above proceeds from among the mechanisms…
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A: why the hydroxy group is an o,p-director in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is given…
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Q: Which of these is the rate-determining step in the bromination of benzene? A) Formation of Br* ion.…
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Q: Predict the major mono-bromination products when the following compounds are brominated.
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Q: 3.) For the following aromatic compounds, please answer the following questions: a.) Which compounds…
A: 3) Given nitration of benzene which is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution. When one…
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A: at the reaction of each condition when the methoxy benzene is treated with the nitrating mixture…
Q: Which of the following is not a super electrophile in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS)…
A: Among the given ions, the ion which is not a super electrophile in Electrophilic aromatic…
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A: SN1 reaction is nucleophilic substitution unimolecular and SN2 reaction is nucleophilic substitution…
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Q: Which of the following is not a characteristic of Sn1 reactions? O the electrophilic carbon…
A: SN2 reaction proceeds through: 1. Polar protic solvent 2. Forms carbocation as an intermediate 3.…
Q: What is/are the major products from the electrophilic substitution reaction of the indicated benzene…
A: From given electrophilic reaction The major product is determined with mechanism as follows
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A: Note: OH is o,p directing group. Isopropyl is o,p directing group. No2 is m-directing group.
Q: Which of the following are not examples of nucleophiles (1) F (2) H* (3) H2O (4) NH3 (5) Grignard…
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Q: Which site leads to the major mono substitution product in the electrophilic aromatic substitution…
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Q: Which of the following pairs of reactants and reactions is INCORRECT? a. Lucas reagent :…
A: Which of the following pairs of reactants and reactions is INCORRECT?
Q: Which of the following is NOT a good nucleophile for SN1 reactions? 1) NaOCH3 2) CH3OH 3)…
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A: The product of coupling reaction is given below
Q: Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the bromination of benzene by Br2 and FeBr3?…
A: Here we have to predict the incorrect statements for the bromination of benzene by reaction with…
Q: Cl2 FeCl3 a) HNO3 b) H2SO4 So3 c) H2SO4 .CI d) AICI3 e) AICI3 .CI f) AICI3
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Q: Which of the following compounds will undergo an SN1 reaction most H3)3CCH21 B) (CH3)3CC1 C)…
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Q: Mechanism. Propose a mechanism for the following reaction. Label the rate-determining step and the…
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A: The nitration of benzene is carried out in the presence of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated…
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A: Concept is based on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
Q: Which of the following nucleophilic substitution mechanisms would produce a mix of stereoisomeric…
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Q: Which of the following aromatic compounds will not react with Friedel-Crafts alkylation? NO2 HO DIH…
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Q: (a). State whether it is possible to carry out each of the following nucleophilic substitution…
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Q: Predict the major product(s) of electrophilic aromatic substitution
A: Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a chemical reaction in which the electrophile attacks the…
Q: Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the chlorination of benzene by Cl, and AICI3?…
A: Here, we have to find the incorrect statement about the chlorination of benzene by Cl2 and AlCl3.
Q: Br Br. Br
A: Aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction: Benzene and other aromatic compound gives mainly…
Q: Which site on the benzene derivative shown below is the most likely to undergo electrophilic…
A: Since attacking species is a electrophile so that the site on which it attacks must be neutral or…
Q: Which of the following species is likely to be an electrophile and which is nucleophile a) Hcl…
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Q: a) NME2 b) OMe c) NH2 d) H.
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Q: summarize in a table how SN2 type reactions are characterized in terms of the following criteria:…
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Q: Which of the following SN2 nucleophiles will not directly add one or more carbons to the carbon…
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- What are the groups towards meta position give examples and what its mechanism ?Give the order of reactivity of carboxylic acid and its derivatives. What is thesignificance of this order of reactivity in predicting their interconversions?Explain how and why rearrangements occurduring Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions formingmore than 1 product. Also illustrate therearrangement reaction from the aboveexample.
- Give the process of Determining the Mechanism and Stereochemistry inNucleophilic Substitution ?In each of the following electrophilic substitution reactions (i) as a first step show the“preactivation” or generation of an electrophilic species; (ii) using arrows provide a mechanisticexplanation of the course of the reaction (show all resonance structures contributing for intermediatearenium ion stabilization); (iii) write all major products of the reaction Friedel-Crafts monoalkylation of 1,3-dimethylbenzene with tert-butyl chloride in thepresence of FeCl3 as a catalyst.Give the detailed mechanism for the following nitration reaction. Show the contributing resonance structures and the resonance hybrid for the intermediates. HNO,, H,SO, NO2
- Illustrate the resonance effect of the methoxy group -OCH3, on the structure of the benzene ring. Draw all the oissuvke resonance forms of methoxybenzene, including the hybrid Based on the structures, explain how the presence of the -OCH3 group affects: (i) the reactivity of the benzene ring towards electrophilic attack (ii) the orientation or point of attack of an incoming electrophilic reagent on the benzene ring.As the molecular weight of alkenes increases, the boiling points also increase. Which ofthe following factors is best associated to this trend? *Dipole interactionGeometric isomerismStructural isomerismSurface areaA radical substitution reaction is primarily observed in the following reactions. Whichreaction is it? *Oxidation of but-2-eneChlorination of butaneBoiling of hex-3-eneCombustion of methaneWhich among the following compounds has the most electronegative carbon in itsstructure? *ButyneBenzeneBenzaldehydeCyclobutaneOne possible way of determining the identity of an alkene, is to let itundergo an oxidative cleavage reaction in the presence of hot basicpotassium permanganate. You are given two containers said to containdifferent alkenes. Container A is marked as cis / trans‐2‐butene andcontainer B as 2‐methyl‐1‐butene. Explain by referring to the formation ofproducts, how you would verify the identity of the alkenes.
- (a) For the reaction of 1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene with CH3C(O)CI in the presence of AICI3, describe the bonding and electron distribution in 1-methoxy- 4-methylbenzene, formation and structure of the electrophile in the reaction, and the most stable intermediate responsible for the end product. i H3C1 CI, AICI 3 Me- -OMe 1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene (b) Use phenol as the substrate, propose a synthetic scheme to produce 2-allyl-4-bromophenol (Mechanism not required). Br OH OH phenol 2-allyl-4-bromophenol (c) Propose a synthesis of Compound A starting from benzaldehyde and other necessary reagents of your choice (Mechanism not required). OH CHO CI. Compound A benzaldehyde (d) For the given 13C NMR chemical shifts of the carbonyl carbons in the order of ketones > aldehydes > carboxylic acids, provide an explanation. O CH3 H3C. 13C NMR Chemical Shifts: H₂C1 H₂C H > OH 200 ppm 181 ppm 209 ppmWhen considering the photochemical cis-trans isomerization of trans-stilbene, an electrocyclization is observed. The product of this electrocyclization is usually oxidized to a condensed aromatic product (by oxygen or addition of other oxidizing reagents such as iodine). Discuss the mechanism of electrocyclic ring formation and ring opening non- verbally by showing orbital images, indicate the orientation of the cyclization / opening, and shoe how this reaction is crucial in the synthesis of helicenes.Bicyclohexadiene, also known as Dewar benzene, is extremely stable despite the fact that its rearrangement to benzene is energetically favored. Explain why the rearrangement is so slow.