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- The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called: cytopathic effect lysogenic conversion antigenic variationAn antibody binding to an antigen within the body can have which of the following outcomes that would help the host? Choose all that apply. Agglutination of the pathogen Opsonization of the pathogen Stimulating apoptosis of bacteria and viral particles Activation of complement proteinsWhich of the following is an example of a chemical barrier to infection? Cellular junctions Mucosal membranes Defensins O Skin
- All of the following are mechanisms used by pathogens to penetrate host defenses EXCEPT: 1. Capsules 2. Enzymes 3. Antigenic variation 4. None of the other four answers (all are examples of how pathogens penetrate host defenses) 5. Penetration of cytoskeletonAnother term for the antigen-hiding layer found on some bacterial besides glycocalyx or slime layer is: capsid capsule envelope sporeWhich of the following is more effective against bacteria than viruses? Type 1 Interferon Type 2 interferon Antibodies NK cells CytotoxicTcells
- The coating which some bacteria secrete to hide their antigen is referred to by 3 terms, give one as the answerWhat is the term that describes how pathogens alter their surface antigens to prevent antibody binding? Antigenic Variation Antigenic Masking Immunosuppression LatencyWhich of the following molecules do you think would make good antigens for recognizing pathogens and why? - a cell wall protein - a piece of DNA inside a cell - a protein that is part of a flagella - a uniquely shaped protein that is part of a virus - a protein that is only made by prokaryotic cells - a protein that is only made by eukaryotic cells
- Which step(s) of pathogenesis involve invasins? (choose ALL correct answer(s)) damage to cell and tissues penetration O Entry evasion of defences release from host O AdherenceWhich of the following proteins are part of the first line of defense against microbial invasion? interferons C3 and C5 TLRs NOD proteins dermcidinsWhich is not a second-line, non-specific defense? inflammation IgA on mucous membranes antimicrobial proteins fever