Which of the following is incorrect concerning protein structure determination by X-ray crystallography? Choose one: O A. X-ray crystallography provides dynamic information about protein structure. O B. A 1.5 Å resolution structure is better than a 3 Å resolution structure. O C. Isomorphous replacement is used to aid phase determination. O D. Highly ordered crystals are required.
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- Which of the following statements are correct about the process of protein structure determination by Cryoelectron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) (select all that apply)? A. Determining a structure by Cryo-EM requires imaging 100s to 1000s of individual protein molecules and using computers to reconstruct 3D images from individual particles B. Requires that proteins form crystals C. Requires freezing of samples to ensure that all proteins are in same orientation D. Requires large quantities of protein to dtermine structure (Typicaly 5-10 ml of 1 mg/ml) E. The raw data obtained by Cryo-EM are 2D images of multiple frozen protein particles.SDS-PAGE gels are used to study changes in protein primary structure. Which of the following statements about SDS-PAGE gels is correct? A. The negatively charged proteins will move towards the negatively charged electrode in the SDS-Page chamber B. A detergent is needed to disrupt protein secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure before a gel can be run C. No "stains" or other treatments are needed to "see" the protein bands on a gel D. Long polypeptides move a further distance from the loading well in a SDS-PAGE gel than short polypeptidesConsider the following protein mixture: Protein A B C D Molecular Weight (kDa) 50 150 200 350 Affinity to Metal ion === Zn²+ === 1. Using hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the protein that will be eluted last is [Select] 2. Using affinity chromatography, the protein that will be eluted last in a Zn²+-containing column is 3. The protein with the fastest migration towards the anode in SDS-PAGE is [Select] IpH value 7 3 9 5 [Select] [Select] 4. Using a buffer solution with a pH of 4, the protein that will bind to an anion exchanger is 5. The protein that will be eluted last in a gel filtration column is [Select] 6. Using isoelectric focusing, the protein that will have a protein band nearest to the cathode (negative electrode) is [Select] % Hydrophobicity 20 45 75 55
- Some characteristics of three proteins are listed in the table below: Protein Molecular Weight (Da) Isoelectric point (pI) Does the Protein Contain a heme moiety? 1 75,000 5.0 No 2 12,500 4.8 No 3 73,000 9.8 Yes a. What type of chromatography separates proteins based on their size? b. What type of chromatography separates proteins based on their charge? c. Could gel filtration chromatography be used to separate a mixture containing Protein 2 and 3? Clearly explain why or why not. If gel filtration chromatography can be used to separate Protein 2 from Protein 3, which protein would elute first (clearly explain why)? After collecting the fractions from the column, the absorbance of each fraction will be measured using a spectrophotometer. Can both proteins (Protein 2 and Protein 3) be monitored at 280nm and 400nm (clearly explain)? d. Which 2 proteins listed in the table above could be separated by ion exchange chromatography but NOT by…Which of the following statements about electron microscopy are true?Group of answer options a.By taking pictures of the same protein frozen in ice thousands of times and then adding them together, you get a high-resolution image of the protein b.Electron microscopy is not used in structural biology as it can not give as high a resolution as X-ray crystallography and NMR c.The smaller a protein, the easier it is to solve its structure with electron microscopy dMost existing protein structures have been resolved using electron microscopy e.The first protein structure with true atomic resolution was solved using electron microscopy last yearYou have a soluble protein that is highly flexible and is only 23 kDa in size. What is the most suitable technique (X-ray crystallography, NMR, cryo-EM) for structure determination of this protein? Explain your reasoning.
- Some characteristics of three proteins are listed in the table below: Protein Molecular Weight (Da) Isoelectric point (pI) Does the Protein Contain a heme moiety? 1 25,000 4.5 Yes 2 77,500 10.8 No 3 75,000 4.9 No a) Could gel filtration chromatography be used to separate a mixture containing Protein 1 and 2? Clearly explain why or why not. If it can be used, which protein would elute last (clearly explain why)? After collecting the fractions from the column, the absorbance of each fraction will be measured using a spectrophotometer. Can both proteins 1 and 2 be monitored at 280nm and 400nm (clearly explain)? b) Which 2 proteins listed in the table above could be separated by ion exchange chromatography but NOT by gel filtration? Why? c) Which 2 proteins listed in the table above could be separated by gel filtration chromatography but NOT by ion exchange chromatography? Why?A protein is purified from a bacterium using Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), with a molecular weight of 200kD. When this protein is run on SDS-PAGE , a sing band is observed at 100kD. Based on these observations, what can be concluded about the structure of the protein? (if applies, choose more than one) The protein consist of two 200kD subiunits The protein has a quaternary structure The protein is madeup of two 100 kD subunits Proteins is a tetramer consisting of 200 kD domains. The protein contains an impurity of 100kDMatch the following protein descriptions with the method that is best for determining the structure. A 20 amino acid peptide hormone An entire viral particle A 30 kDal nuclear hormone receptor A 18 kDal protein that assembles into a 24-mer structure with a molecular weight of 600 kDal A 15 kDal protein that appears to be extremely flexible A. NMR B. X-Ray Crystallography C. Cryo-EM
- Consider the following properties of the protein components of a sample mixture as provided in the table below: 1. if the mixture is subjected to gel filtration chromotography which protein component elute first? 2. if the mixture is subjected to isoelectric focusing which protein will stop m oving nearest to the positive electrode? 3. if the mixture is subjected to cation-exchange chromotography using a buffer at ph 7 which protein will bind to the resin? 4.if the mixture is subjected to SDS-PAGE which protein will be at bottomost portion of gel? 5.if the mixture is subjected to hydrophobic interaction chromotography which protein will bind most strongly to the resin?A sample mixture consists of three proteins with the following properties: Protein A MW (kDa) 200 Amino acid composition 40% nonpolar, 60% polar B 45 20% nonpolar, 80% polar C 98 85% nonpolar, 15% polar IpH 9 3 5 1. If the mixture is subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation, which protein will precipitate out first? [Select] 2. If the mixture is subjected to isoelectric focusing, which protein will stop moving nearest to the positive electrode? [Select] 3. If the mixture is subjected to cation-exchange chromatography using a buffer at pH 7, which protein will bind to the resin? [Select] 4. If the mixture is subjected to SDS-PAGE, which protein will be at the bottommost portion of the gel? [Select] * Previous NexStructures of proteins comprising domains separated by flexible linker regions can be quite difficult to solve by x-ray crystallographic methods. Why might this be the case? What are possible experimental approaches to circumvent this barrier?