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- Suppose that researchers wanted to examine the combined effects of an introduced predator (a trout) and the trematode parasite Ribeiroia on amphibian populations. To do this, they established frog populations in each of 40 artificial ponds. Each pond was assigned at random to one of four treatments (10 ponds per treatment): 1) neither trout or parasites were added to the pond (the "No trout, no parasite" treatment); 2) no trout were added but parasites were added ("No trout, parasite added"); 3) trout were added but parasites were not added ("Trout added, no parasite"); and 4) both trout and parasites were added ("Trout added, parasite added"). Each pond contained refugia where tadpoles could avoid attack by trout, to avoid fish predators driving frog populations to extinction in an artificial pond, unlike what typically occurs in a natural pond. After two breeding seasons, the researchers estimated the density of frogs in each pond. The results are shown in the table and the figure.…Identify the dependent and independent variables in the following examples: -The growth of bacterial populations is measured in cold, medium, and high temperatures. -Guinea pigs are kept at different temperatures for 6 weeks. Percent weight gain is recorded. -The diversity of algal species is calculated for a coastal area before and after an oil spill. -Batches of seeds are soaked in salt solutions of different concentrations, and germination is counted for each batch. -An investigator hypothesizes that the adult weight of a dog is higher when it has fewer littermates.In the equilibrium model of island biogeography, the immigration rate to an island depends mainly on: a) Distance from sources of migrants b) Extent of introductions by human colonists c) Extinction rate d) Island size
- Create a two-part figure showing the effects of forest fragmentation on the community of small mammals relevant to Lyme disease in eastern forests. Figure A should depict the interaction network of a large forestpatch with higher species diversity. Figure B should illustrate how the interaction network and transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi are different in a small forest fragment with low species diversity than they are in largeforest patches with greater diverisity. Eastern forests are diverse communities in which many species interact with one another. Your figure will be asimplified interaction network showing some of the most important species related to the ecology of Lyme disease. Remember that your goal is to illustrate how increasing fragmentation affects forest mammal communities in a way that increases Lyme disease risk.• Choose from the following species for your figure: black-legged tick, white-footed mouse, raccoon, eastern chipmunk, gray squirrel, white-tailed deer,…13. The smallest number of individuals which can exist without extinction due to random catastrophic variations is referred to as: a) Minimum population b) Minimal viable population c) Survival population d) Population resiliency 14. What is the term for a plant or animal species introduced into a community where it may disrupt balance in an ecosystem and threaten biodiversity? a. b. c) 1200 d) 500 C. d. e. parasite predator prey indigenous species nonindigenous species 15. A population of Trout in Lake Ontario is being studied. 500 Salmon were caught, tagged, and released. Later, 100 fish were caught. Of the those, 18 were tagged. Estimate the population size. a) 3125 b) 2778Which is an example of secondary succession? Mark only one oval. A) Beach grasses colonize a newly formed sand dune. B) Retreating glaciers leave alluvial soils for cottonwood trees to colonize. C) A shift in river flow introduces sediment to a rocky area. D) A farmer allows an agricultural field to return to native grassland. An old pine tree in someone's front yard is beginning to die as the neighborhood deciduous trees have grown in abundance and size. Based on the ideas of the concept of succession, why might this be? Mark only one oval. A) Deciduous trees have depleted the soil of nutrients. B) The pine tree is shade intolerant. C) The pine tree has depleted the soil of nutrients. D) Deciduous trees are shade intolerant. E) Salt water most likely has intruded the area The number of species within a community is usually greatest when which of the following occurs? Mark only one oval. A) no disturbance occurs. B) a low frequency of disturbance occurs. C) an intermediate frequency of…
- As the fertility of soil on the forest floor increases, which of the following most likely will occur? Mark only one oval. 00 A) size of plants decreases. B) growth rate of plants increases. C) density of plants decreases. D) number of species of plants increases. E) probably nothing not benefited. Mark only one oval. levolls aviat estela Related to the greater Yellowstone area and according to abundance levels, have benefited from wolf reintroduction, while have ainerion A) grizzly bears, brown bears B) beavers, aspen trees C) woody plant species, beavers D) all of the above first listed species, elk A) zonation. OB) stratification. C) succession. D) characterization. OE) vector-born bond woll 19v altide A (0) lagens ewolis témns) A (0) anomoe ni sunt aniq bio nA (SSSS oorhoorigion Mos Jealsong visuau al vinum Changes in community composition and structure over time are called which of the following? Jovo sto no he Mark only one oval. 2000 abnedm 1003 en avoubisen (0 esw 162 (3 CD…Suppose that researchers wanted to examine the combined effects of an introduced predator (a trout) and the trematode parasite Ribeiroia on amphibian populations. To do this, they established frog populations in each of 40 artificial ponds. Each pond was assigned at random to one of four treatments (10 ponds per treatment): 1) neither trout or parasites were added to the pond (the "No trout, no parasite" treatment); 2) no trout were added but parasites were added ("No trout, parasite added"); 3) trout were added but parasites were not added ("Trout added, no parasite"); and 4) both trout and parasites were added ("Trout added, parasite added"). Each pond contained refugia where tadpoles could avoid attack by trout, to avoid fish predators driving frog populations to extinction in an artificial pond, unlike what typically occurs in a natural pond. After two breeding seasons, the researchers estimated the density of frogs in each pond. The results are shown in the table and the figure.…In 200-300 words, DISCUSS the importance of BIOREMEDIATION
- Tropical areas near the equator have higher species diversity than do temperate areas at high latitudes. Discuss several of the proposed causes. Be sure to mention the contribution of past global climate change.8)Which of the following questions would be considered ecological questions? choose all that apply a)How does the availability of rainfall affect pollen production in mulberry trees? b)How do the population dynamics of hawks affect the population dynamics of lizards? c)How does elevation affect the amount of rainfall? d)How did the mouse species present in the Mojave Desert arise? e)How does a mutation in a gene for amylase affect nutrient absorption in white-tailed deer? f)None of these are ecological questionsIf you were to remove one of these species, which of these would cause a great impact on the majority of the species? a) phytoplankton b) herring c) humpback whale d) krill
