Which of the following is an example of intersexual selection? O Male rhinoceros beetles fight to defend mating territories. Males with louder, more frequent vocalizations attract more females. O Small male cichlids enter territories of larger males unnoticed too fertilize eggs released by females. All of the above are examplé of intersexual selection.

Kin selection (a) increases inclusive fitness through the breeding success of close relatives (b) is a way of perpetuating genes of nonrelatives (c) accounts for some forms of migration (d) typically involves mate guarding (e) involves ornamental displays and use of a lek

The evolution of beak size in the various species of Galpagos finches is associated with their (a) songs (b) diets (c) body sizes (d) predators (e) none of the preceding

INTERPRET DATA Look at the two graphs in Figure 52-21. In which experiment did the parentals in the experimental group guard the eggs more closely? In which experiment did the experimental parentals guard the young more closely? Account for these differences. RESULTS: Experiment 1: As indicated on the y-axis, which measures level of parental care, parentals reduced their level of guarding the eggs. Eight of the males in the experimental group abandoned their nests, and egg defense was significantly lower in this group compared with that in the control group. However, after eggs hatched, there was little difference in parental care of the young between the two groups. Experiment 2: During the egg phase, there was little difference in level of parental care between experimental and control groups. However, after eggs hatched, the experimental parentals significantly decreased their level of guarding the nest. CONCLUSION: Male bluegill sunfish adjust their level of parental care according to their level of perceived paternity. In Experiment 1, parentals provided less care when they perceived that the eggs may have been fertilized by sneaker males. After the eggs hatched, olfactory cues indicated that the offspring were indeed their own, and their level of care increased. In Experiment 2, parentals cared for the eggs even though some had been swapped. However, after they hatched, olfactory cues from the offspring indicated that they were not the parentals own offspring. The level of parental care decreased significantly. SOURCE: B.D. Neff, Nature, Vol. 422 (April 17, 2003): 716719. Figure 52-21 Decisions about parental care

Which of the following situations will lead to natural selection? a. The seeds of two plants land near each other and one grows larger than the other. b. Two types of fish eat the same kind of food, and one is better able to gather food than the other. c. Male lions compete for the right to mate with females, with only one possible winner. d. all of the above

Sex in many birds is typically preceded by an elaborate courtship dance. If a males movements are unrecognized by the female, she will not mate with him. This is an example of ______. a. reproductive isolation b. behavioral isolation c. sexual selection d. all of the above

Which of the following situations will lead to natural selection? The seeds of two plants land near each other and one grows larger than the other Two types of fish eat the same kind of food, and one is better able to gather food than the other Male lions compete for the right to mate with females, with only one possible winner all of the above

Species that have many offspring at one time are usually: a. r-selected b. K-selected c. both r- and K-selected d. not selected

Figure 1.15 Example of error bars in a graph. This graph was adapted from the peacock butterfly research described in Section 1.5. The researchers recorded the number of times each butterfly flicked its wings in response to an attack by a bird. The squares represent average frequency of wing flicking for each sample set of butterflies. The error bars that extend above and below the dots indicate the range of valuesthe sampling error. Figure It Out: What was the fastest rate at which a butterfly with no spots or sound flicked its wings?

Of which postzygotic barrier is the mule an example?