Which of the following is a trait shared by ALL organisms in the Archaeplastida Supergroup? Chloroplasts Photosynthetic and plant-like in structure Photosynthetic and single-celled Immobile and mixotrophic
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- Which of the following is considered a synapomophy of the Kingdom Disciristatae? * It exhibits the tubular cristae Presence of a spiral or crystalline rod structure inside each of their flagella some taxa possess the excavate feeding groove the presence of a kinetosome at the base of a flagellum Which evolutionary novelty in the origin of eukaryotes paved the way for endosymbiosis to occur. * The evolution of digestive vesicles The formation of endomembrane system The appearance of a cytoskeleton. the formation of a nuclear membraneA certain unicellular eukaryote has a glasslike shell and exhibits autotrophic nutrition. When it dies this glasslike shell is not degraded unless acted upon by bacteria. To which clade does it belong? Rhizaria Unikonta Archaeplastida Chromalveolata ExcavataFungi and animals are both part of a group called Opisthokonta. The vast majority of fungi are multicellular. However, their sister taxon consists of unicellular species. Animals also are multicellular and their closest relatives are again unicellular. Briefly describe the two hypotheses that could explain the origin of multicellularity in the Opisthokonta, and then explain which of the two is the more likely hypothesis
- Match the following clades with the characteristics that they share Clades: Bryophytes and Tracheophyta Embryophyta and Charophycea Chlorophyta and Streptophyta Bryophytes and Tracheophyta Characteristics: -Chlorophylls a and b are autotrophic -Alternation of generations -Rosettes in the plasma membrane -Sporangia with walled sporesCarotenoids in algae have evolved through primary and secondary endosymbiosis. provide a well-constructed phylogenetic tree to show where carotene, neoxanthin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, fucoxanthin, and lutein arose in the macrophytic, multicellular groups of algae. add descriptive and informative title to itUsing the cladogram below, answer the following questions Amborellales Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Angiospermae - Magnoliophyta -Magnollids M or N 1 cotyledon one Vitales and Saxifragales Y or Asterids and Caryophyllales or N leaf venution parallel Ivasculature atactostelic. vascular cambium absent sieve tube plastids proteinaceous/cuneato Which of the following represent monophyletic groups? Magnoliids Yo Monocots Eudicots pollen tricolpate or tricolpate-derived vessels (secondarily lost in some taxa) In the context of "dicots", define paraphyly and explain why paraphyletic groups are artificial. How can one differentiate the genus Allium from members of the Themidaceae?
- Algae are autotrophs and can have photosynthesis, however, evolutionary evidence suggests that plants shared a common ancestor with only green algae and are closest relatives of Charophytes. What evidences support this statement? How an algal cell is different from fungal cells, even if both are eukaryotes? Why slime mold is a protist not a fungus even if it does not have chloroplast?In the pictures below, identify the arrowed reproductive structures of microscopic cyanobacteria based on the following descriptions: Akinetes are dormant structures larger than the vegetative cells, are rich in food reserves, and have thick walls. Most filamentous cyanobacteria develop akinetes in adverse conditions (e.g., winter, dry periods). When favorable conditions return, they germinate and produce new filaments. Hormogonia are short pieces of filaments consisting of 5–15 trichomes that fragment and develop into new filaments. Heterocytes (or heterocysts) are multicellular structures that have a thick and massive sheath, formed by members of the Nostocales. It is the location of the enzyme nitrogenase for nitrogen fixation, the conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonium and then amino acids. They may be intercalary or terminal in position and may germinate from either end or both the ends to give rise to new filaments. Non-filamentous cyanobacteria generally produce spores…Fungi and Animals are distantly related to each other. One trait animals and fungi share however is; Both groups are immobile Both groups undergo an alternation of generations Both have heterokaryotic cells Both groups are heterotrophs
- The termite gut environment is lacking a fresh supply of oxygen O2. However, it is rich with food due to the presence of bacteria that contain enzymes capable of breaking down cellulose and lignin, the macromolecules that make wood. Use this information to determine which of following protista groups is more likely to be found in a termite gut. Diatoms Radiolaria Parabasilids O Rhodophyta O Foraminifera (Forams)Describe the morphology of oomycetes. Which protists are known for their cytoplasmic streaming movement? Which protists occasionally resemble tiny snails? What are the shells made of? Which group of protists have elaborate exteriors of glassy silica and are very common in the fossil record? What supergroup do land plants share a common ancestor with? What protists are common in tropical waters and are generally called “seaweeds?” Which of the algaes are the furthest living relatives to land plants? Which algaes are the closest living relatives to land plants? Which protists move using tube-like pseudopodia? Which protist group exhibits similarities to fungi as a result of convergent evolution? Which protist group takes on a slug form when nutrients are hard to come by? What protist group do animals share a common ancestor with? What are the choanoflagellates are believed to resemble? Which group contains at least one type of human parasite? Ecology of…DNA sequence data for a diplomonad, a euglenid, a plant, and an unidentified protist suggest that the unidentified species is most closely related to the diplomonad. Further studies reveal that the unknown species has fully functional mitochondria. Based on these data, at what point on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 did the mystery protist’s lineage probably diverge from other eukaryote lineages? Explain.