Which of the following has the most available energy to extract?

Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Which of the following has the most available energy to extract?

HỎ
HO
HO
н н н н н н н
a
т
НО Н Н Н Н Н Н Н
Palmitic Acid
Oleic acid (omega-9)
н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н
к н к н
H
Double Bond
Linoleic acid (omega-6)
н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н
Н
Н
н н н н н н н
к н н
1
Н Н Н Н
н н н н н н н н н н
H
Double Bonds
Linolenic acid (omega-3)
1
H
H H
L
↑
Double Bonds
H
-
-
Н Н Н Н Н Н Н
L
↑
С
Н
Н
H
-Н
at
Transcribed Image Text:HỎ HO HO н н н н н н н a т НО Н Н Н Н Н Н Н Palmitic Acid Oleic acid (omega-9) н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н к н к н H Double Bond Linoleic acid (omega-6) н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н Н Н н н н н н н н к н н 1 Н Н Н Н н н н н н н н н н н H Double Bonds Linolenic acid (omega-3) 1 H H H L ↑ Double Bonds H - - Н Н Н Н Н Н Н L ↑ С Н Н H -Н at
Expert Solution
Beta Oxidation

Fatty acids are transported into the cell. The enzyme fatty acyl-CoA synthase(FACS) adds a CoA group to the fatty acid chain. This is called an acyl-CoA. The short-chain acyl-CoA chain can easily diffuse into the mitochondria, but the long-chain acyl-CoA chain is transported via the carnitine shuttle.

  1. The enzyme acyl CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the acyl-CoA. There is a formation of a double bond between 2C and 3C. the end product is called trans-Δ2-enoyl-CoA. FAD is reduced to FADH2 in this step
  2. Enoyl CoA hydratase adds a hydroxyl group to the 2C of trans-Δ2-enoyl-CoA to form L-β-hydroxyacyl CoA
  3. The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of L-β-hydroxyacyl CoA to β-ketoacyl CoA and reduces NAD+ to NADH.
  4. β-ketoacyl CoA is cleaved by β-ketothiolase between 2C and 3C to produce acetyl-CoA. This acetyl CoA is made up of carbon 1C and 2C

The new acyl-CoA chain which is now two carbons shorter will enter the second beta-oxidation cycle and with each cycle, it will be 2 carbons shorter.

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