Which of the following has the most available energy to extract?
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Question
Which of the following has the most available energy to extract?
Expert Solution
Beta Oxidation
Fatty acids are transported into the cell. The enzyme fatty acyl-CoA synthase(FACS) adds a CoA group to the fatty acid chain. This is called an acyl-CoA. The short-chain acyl-CoA chain can easily diffuse into the mitochondria, but the long-chain acyl-CoA chain is transported via the carnitine shuttle.
- The enzyme acyl CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the acyl-CoA. There is a formation of a double bond between 2C and 3C. the end product is called trans-Δ2-enoyl-CoA. FAD is reduced to FADH2 in this step.
- Enoyl CoA hydratase adds a hydroxyl group to the 2C of trans-Δ2-enoyl-CoA to form L-β-hydroxyacyl CoA
- The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of L-β-hydroxyacyl CoA to β-ketoacyl CoA and reduces NAD+ to NADH.
- β-ketoacyl CoA is cleaved by β-ketothiolase between 2C and 3C to produce acetyl-CoA. This acetyl CoA is made up of carbon 1C and 2C
The new acyl-CoA chain which is now two carbons shorter will enter the second beta-oxidation cycle and with each cycle, it will be 2 carbons shorter.
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