Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
![a. Which of the following compounds has the lowest carbonyl stretching frequency? Explain your
choice in detail.
b. Using IR, how could you tell if the reaction below was complete?
HO.
NazCr207
HO.
c. How could IR spectroscopy be used to distinguish between the following compounds?
CH2=CHCH2CH(CH3)2 and CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)2
d. Which bond in the structure below would give rise to the highest absorption frequency in an IR
spectrum? Give the absorption frequency (wavenumber) of the bond.
CH
Br
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![cs Scanned with CamScanner
e. What functional groups are represented in the following IR spectrum? Label IR peaks for
the functional groups and draw a possible structure.
100
Procedi
4030
3000
200t
NVENUnSER 4
LO00
580](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F31270c12-694b-4d59-83ca-fd837be96cdc%2F00217ba7-8658-4310-84e7-084ccf0e8800%2F2fpgd9j_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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