Which of the following channels are involved in the action potential in contractile cells of the heart?

Q: Rank the movements of blood through the heart described below at left according to the magnitude…

A: The electrical impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes, which make up the…

Q: Why do we need to prevent the decompensated state in patients with heart failure?

A: Decompensation is any functional decline of a system or structure which was operating earlier with…

Q: Trace the biochemical electrical pathways that result in cardiac conduction

A: The collection of specialized cardiac myocytes located in the heart walls that send electrical…

Q: Some people have abnormal cords or bridges of myocardium that extend from atrium to ventricle,…

A: The second most common type of coronary arterial abnormality is the Myocardial bridge. It is the…

Q: What type of catabolism occurs in the heart?

A: Catabolism defines the set of reactions in which a large molecule is broken down into small, simpler…

Q: Which ion movement causes depolarization in the contractile cells of the heart? Ca++ leaving the…

A: The human heart is a muscular blood pumping organ made up of electrically excitable cardiac muscle…

Q: Explain, using diagrams where appropriate, the sequence of events in a cardiac cycle

A: Introduction  The organ that pumps blood throughout our bodies is the heart, which is around the…

Q: Define Starling law of the heart

A: The heart is the blood regulating organ of the body. It contains pericardial walls and blood vessels…

Q: Leaky Na+ channels in the cells of the SA Node do which of the following?   a-allow a slow…

A: d-allow a slow depolarization that eventually reaches the threshold for voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.

Q: VSD, or ventricular septal defect, is a condition that accounts for half of all congenital…

A: A ventricular septal defect is a congenital heart defect in which the septum separating the heart's…

Q: Can the intraventricular septum prevents the electrical activity from stimulating the heart in a…

A: The intraventricular septum is present between two ventricles of the heart, generally preventing…

Q: In your study of neuron physiology, you learned that depolarization is dependent on the sodium entry…

A: Heart can initiate contractions on its own by SA node (Sinoatrial node). It doesn't need external…

Q: The conductance of which ion results in phase 2 characteristics in a ventricular myocyte action…

A: The non-pacemaker cardiac action potentials include the atrial and ventricular myocytes and Purkinje…

Q: What initiates action potentials in cardiac muscle?

A: Generation of action potential activates the neuron during the generation of stimuli. It is studied…

Q: Explain two reasons why the heart is referred to as a double pump.

A: The circulatory system consists of the heart, the blood vessels and the blood. The heart is the…

Q: Based on the concentration gradient of sodium, potassium, and calcium in cardiac myocytes, which of…

A: In a cell, the plasma membrane separates the internal environment (cytoplasm) from the external…

Q: Briefly define 1) Starling’s Law of the heart, 2) the basic cellular mechanism thought to mediate…

A: Introduction: When at rest, the heart pumps between 4 and 6 liters of blood every minute. During…

Q: As a result of heart failure, compensatory mechanisms become activated and ultimately lead to…

A: Correct response to this particular question will be, a reduction in both heart rate and blood…

Q: What are the uses of cardiac troponins?

A: Troponins are a group of protein molecules that are found in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The…

Q: How does the AP relate to mechanical events occurring in the heart?

A: The heart is the epicenter of the cardiovascular system and is one of the major organs of the body…

Q: Explain differences between action potentials of cardiac muscle cells and those in nodal cells of…

A: On the surface of the heart, muscle fibers are arranged to form a fused interconnected mass termed a…

Q: Another disease slows the rate of production of cAMP in both contractile and pacemaker cardiac…

A: There are three different kinds of muscle tissues in vertebrates: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle,…

Q: Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell then in an atrial or…

A: Impulse conduction occurs by the depolarization that results into action potential. It is initiated…

Q: 29. 30. State the significance of the longer action potential in a cardiac CONTRACTILE cell. State…

A: The myocardial contractile cells comprise the mass amount of the cells in the atria and ventricles.…

Q: The muscle cells of a heart chamber work as a  functional syncytium.  In terms of heart function…

A: The heart is a meso-dermally derived organs. The walls of heart are made up of cardiac muscles.…

Q: list in sequence the components of the elctrical conducting system of the human heart

A: A pump of muscle tissue consists of a heart and a supply of energy and oxygen is required for the…

Q: Why is the rate of cardiac muscle relaxation faster when a positive inotropic agent is present?

A: Inotropic agents refer to those substances that either increase or decrease the force of contraction…

Q: Describe the anatomy of movement of the wave of cell depolarization throughout the heart during the…

A: The cardiac cycle:It is comprised of a whole relaxation and contraction of both the atrium and…

Q: Which of the four chambers of the human heart has the thickest muscular walls?

A: The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels and is also known as the…

Q: In the nineteenth century, Poiseuille’s law was experimentally deduced byJ. L. M. Poiseuille, who…

A: There are few primary assumptions for the validity of Poiseuille’s Law. Whenever one assumption…

Q: Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell then in an atrial or…

A: Cardiac action potential  It refers to the short alteration in the voltage i.e. membrane potential…

Q: Roberto is a 78-year-old male who has recently been diagnosed with Class III Congestive Heart…

A: Congestive heart failure refers to the loss of pumping efficiency of the heart.  Due to the low…

Q: If all plasma membrane Ca21 channels in contractile cardiac muscle cells were blocked with a drug,…

A: A heart muscle cell is similar to a large house with several doors and rooms. Ion channels are…

Q: What are the three populations of cells in the heart that can act as pacemakers? How do they differ?

A: The heart is a muscular organ and is involved in the pumping of blood via blood vessels. The blood…

Q: What is the correct sequence for flow of blood in the heart? o Superior vena cava → right ventricle…

A: The circulatory system delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away wastes. The heart pumps…