Which of the following apply to the TORCH testO Assesses the severity of neonatal (newborn) HIV infectionAssesses infections with Group B StreptococcusO Assesses infections with teratogensO Asssesses infections with the mumps virusO Assesses the severity of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn All of the following will be effective IgG responses against an envelopedvirus EXCEPT:NeutralizationO AgglutinationO ADCC-opsonizationO All of the answers are effective IgG responses, no exceptionComplement activation

Introduction A TORCH Screen Is A Set Of Tests That Can Be Used To Screen Or Diagnose Infections In Pregnant Women. During Pregnancy, Infections Can Be Passed On To The Foetus. A Newborn's Defects/Infections Or Complications Can Be Avoided If An Infection Is Detected And Treated Early. Toxoplasmosis : This Infection Is Caused By A Parasite That Is Typically Found In Cat Faeces. Congenital Toxoplasmosis Can Affect Newborns. Congenital Refers To Something That Is Present At Birth. It Can Lead To Blindness, Deafness, Convulsions, And Intellectual Disabilities If Left Untreated. Other Diseases : Such As Syphilis. Syphilis Is A Sexually Transmitted Infection That A Pregnant Woman Might Pass On To Her Unborn Child. Syphilis Can Result In A Stillborn Infant. Premature Labour, Birth Abnormalities, Low Birth Weight, And Deafness Are All Possible Side Effects. Rubella : Rubella, Often Known As German Measles, Is A Contagious Viral Infection Spread Readily Through Sneezing And Coughing. Rubella Is Now Less Common Due To The Availability Of A Vaccine. However, Rubella Can Be Passed On To A Baby By A Pregnant Woman, Which Can Be A Serious Condition. Rubella Can Result In Miscarriage, Early Birth, Or Stillbirth In Pregnant Women. It Can Also Affect The Heart, Eyesight, Hearing, And Growth Of The Baby. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) : The Most Common Congenital Infection In Infants Is CMV, Which Is A Form Of Herpes Virus. CMV Can Be Transmitted To Mothers By Sexual Intercourse Or Contact With Body Fluids Such As Saliva From A CMV-infected Individual. CMV Can Cause Long-term Issues In Babies, Such As Vision, Hearing, And Mental Development Issues. Herpes Simplex Virus : A Virus That Causes Genital Herpes (HSV). Through Sexual Contact With An Infected Person, Pregnant Women Can Contract The Genital Herpes Simplex Virus. During Delivery, They Can Also Transfer The Virus On To The Developing Kid. Low Birth Weight, Miscarriage, And Premature Birth Can All Be Caused By HSV In Newborns. It Can Also Cause Ulcers On The Skin, Eyes, And Mouth, As Well As Harm To The Brain And Organs. Antibodies Such As Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Are A Type Of Antibody. IgG Is The Most Common Form Of Antibody Detected In Blood Circulation, Accounting For Around 75% Of All Serum Antibodies In Humans. Plasma B Cells Produce And Release IgG Molecules. There Are Two Paratopes In Each IgG Antibody. IgG Is Secreted As A Tiny Monomer, Which Allows It To Quickly Perfuse Tissues. It Is The Only Antibody Isotype With Receptors That Allow It To Pass Through The Human Placenta, Protecting The Foetus In The Womb. Residual IgG Absorbed By The Placenta, In Addition To IgA Released In Breast Milk, Offers Humoral Immunity To The Infant Before Its Own Immune System Develops. Colostrum, Particularly Cow Colostrum, Includes A High Amount Of IgG. IgG Occurs 24–48 Hours After Antigenic Stimulation In People Who Have Had Preexisting Immunity To A Virus.1. Antibodies Make Up A Large Part Of Humoral Immunity. IgG Antibodies Are The Most Common Form Of Antibody Found In Blood And Extracellular Fluid, And They Are Responsible For Controlling Infection In Bodily Tissues. IgG Defends The Body From Infection By Binding To A Variety Of Pathogens Such As Viruses, Bacteria, And Fungi. It Accomplishes This Through A Number Of Mechanisms: Pathogens Are Immobilised And Bound Together Via Agglutination When They Are Bound By IgG. The Coating Of Pathogen Surfaces With IgG (known As Opsonization) Allows Phagocytic Immune Cells To Recognise And Eat Them, Resulting In The Infection's Eradication. IgG Triggers The Complement System's Classical Route, A Cascade Of Immune Protein Synthesis That Leads To Pathogen Eradication. IgG Binds To Toxins/antigens And Neutralises Them. IgG Is Also Involved InAntibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) And Intracellular Antibody-mediated Proteolysis, Where It Binds To TRIM21 (the Human Receptor With The Highest Affinity For IgG) To Drive Marked Virions To The Cytosol's Proteasome. Type II And Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions Are Also Linked To IgG. Hence, Correct Option Is All of the answers are effective IgG responses, no exception. 2. The Abbreviation TORCH, Often Known As TORCHS, Stands For The Infections That Are Covered In The Screening : TOXOPLASMOSIS OTHER LIKE HEPATITIS, VARICELLA RUBELLA CYTOMEGALOVIRUS HERPES SIMPLEX SYPHILIS Hence, Correct Option Is Assesses the severity of neonatal (newborn) HIV infection. Antibodies Against Infectious Diseases Are Screened In These Assays. Antibodies Are Proteins That Recognise And Eliminate Pathogens Like Viruses And Bacteria. The Tests Look For Two Types Of Antibodies: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) And Immunoglobulin M (IgM). When Someone Has Had An Infection In The Past But Is No Longer Acutely Unwell, IgG Antibodies Are Present. When A Person Has An Acute Infection, IgM Antibodies Are Present.