### Code Analysis: Identifying Potential Errors or Crashes**Problem Statement:**Examine the following code segment to determine which line could cause an error or a program crash, and explain why.```cppLine 1: int *p1, *p2;Line 2: p1 = new int;Line 3: p2 = new int;Line 4: *p1 = 11;Line 5: *p2 = 0;Line 6: p2 = p1;Line 7: cout << *p1 << " " << *p2 << endl;Line 8: delete p1;Line 9: delete p2;```**Explanation:**- **Line 1:** Two integer pointers, `p1` and `p2`, are declared.- **Lines 2-3:** Memory is dynamically allocated for two integers, and `p1` and `p2` point to these memory locations.- **Lines 4-5:** The allocated memory is assigned values 11 and 0, respectively.- **Line 6:** `p2` is assigned the address stored in `p1`. Now both `p1` and `p2` point to the same memory location. The int value originally pointed to by `p2` is now a memory leak because its address is no longer stored.- **Line 7:** The values pointed to by `p1` and `p2` are output. They will print the same value because they point to the same location.- **Line 8:** Memory at the location pointed to by `p1` is deallocated.- **Line 9:** Attempts to deallocate memory at the location pointed to by `p2`. Since `p2` points to the same location as `p1`, this leads to a double deletion error, causing undefined behavior or a crash.**Conclusion:**The potential error occurs at **Line 9** due to the double deletion of the memory pointed to by both `p1` and `p2`. This results in undefined behavior. Proper care must be taken to ensure that each memory location is deleted only once.

Answer: Given code is: Line1: int *p1,*p2;Line2: p1 = new int;Line3: p2 = new int;Line4: *p1 =…

Which line in the following code segment possibly causes error or a program crash and why? Line 1: int *p1, *p2; new int; new int; Line 2: p1 %3D Line 3: p2 Line 4: *p1 11; Line 5: *p2 p2 = 0; Line 6: p1; << *p1 <<" " Line 7: cout << *p2 << endl; Line 8: delete p1; Line 9: delete p2;

Which line in the following code segment possibly causes error or a program crash and why? Line 1: int p1, p2; new int; new int; Line 2: p1 %3D Line 3: p2 Line 4: p1 11; Line 5: p2 p2 = 0; Line 6: p1; << p1 <<" " Line 7: cout << p2 << endl; Line 8: delete p1; Line 9: delete p2;

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Question

### Code Analysis: Identifying Potential Errors or Crashes

**Problem Statement:**

Examine the following code segment to determine which line could cause an error or a program crash, and explain why.

```cpp
Line 1: int *p1, *p2;
Line 2: p1 = new int;
Line 3: p2 = new int;
Line 4: *p1 = 11;
Line 5: *p2 = 0;
Line 6: p2 = p1;
Line 7: cout << *p1 << " " << *p2 << endl;
Line 8: delete p1;
Line 9: delete p2;
```

**Explanation:**

- **Line 1:** Two integer pointers, `p1` and `p2`, are declared.

- **Lines 2-3:** Memory is dynamically allocated for two integers, and `p1` and `p2` point to these memory locations.

- **Lines 4-5:** The allocated memory is assigned values 11 and 0, respectively.

- **Line 6:** `p2` is assigned the address stored in `p1`. Now both `p1` and `p2` point to the same memory location. The int value originally pointed to by `p2` is now a memory leak because its address is no longer stored.

- **Line 7:** The values pointed to by `p1` and `p2` are output. They will print the same value because they point to the same location.

- **Line 8:** Memory at the location pointed to by `p1` is deallocated.

- **Line 9:** Attempts to deallocate memory at the location pointed to by `p2`. Since `p2` points to the same location as `p1`, this leads to a double deletion error, causing undefined behavior or a crash.

**Conclusion:**

The potential error occurs at **Line 9** due to the double deletion of the memory pointed to by both `p1` and `p2`. This results in undefined behavior. Proper care must be taken to ensure that each memory location is deleted only once.

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