Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:**Chemical Reaction and Product Identification Tutorial**
In this exercise, we're looking to identify the product of a given series of chemical reactions.
**Reaction Sequence:**
1. **Starting Material:** CH₃CH₂CH=C=O
2. **Reagent 1:** KOH
- Deprotonation occurs here, resulting in the formation of potassium salt (CH₃CH₂C=OK).
3. **Reagent 2:** HCl/H₂O with heat
- This step involves hydrolysis and results in the formation of a carboxylic acid.
4. **Reagent 3:** Rh/H₂ (Rhodium Catalyst with Hydrogen)
- Hydrogenation results in the addition of hydrogen atoms to bonds, typically reducing double bonds to single bonds.
**Explanation of the Annotated Reagents and Products:**
In the image, annotations point to the following intermediates and products:
- The starting material CH₃CH₂CH=C=O is reacted with KOH to create a potassium salt.
- When HCl and H₂O are applied with heat, this intermediate is converted to a carboxylic acid.
- Rhodium and Hydrogen then act to reduce the carboxylic acid or other intermediates formed.
**Product Options (Compound Structures):**
1. **Option 1:**
- Structure with a ketone group (C=O) at the second carbon.
- Linear backbone: CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-COH.
2. **Option 2:**
- Structure ending in a primary alcohol (CH₂OH).
- Extended chain: CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂OH.
3. **Option 3:**
- Structure has a carbonyl group (C=O) with two methyl branches.
- Isoform chain: 2-Methyl-3-pentanone.
4. **Option 4:**
- Structure with an alcohol directly attached to a triple chain backbone.
- Extended form: 3-Methyl-2-pentanol.
By considering the reaction sequence and chemical transformations, carefully identify which structure aligns with the expected final product after all the reactions are completed.
![**Question:**
Which is the main product from the reaction of (S)-2-methylpentanal with an aqueous base?
**Options:**
1. \[(S)-2-methylpentanal\]
- Structure:
2. \[(E)-2-methylpent-2-en-1-ol\]
- Structure:
3. \[racemic-2-methylpentanal\]
- Structure:
4. \[(R)-2-methylpentanal\]
- Structure:
5. \[(E)-2-methylpent-1-en-1-ol\]
- Structure:
**Solution:**
The main product from the reaction of \[(S)-2-methylpentanal\] with aqueous NaOH in ethanol is \[(E)-2-methylpent-2-en-1-ol\].
In the provided image, each option is accompanied by a structure diagram representing the corresponding chemical compound. The correct answer, as indicated by the red circle mark in the image, is option 2:
\[(E)-2-methylpent-2-en-1-ol\]. This is the primary product formed due to the reaction conditions specified (aqueous NaOH and ethanol), which typically lead to the formation of an enolate and subsequent aldol condensation.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff754cbc4-ff18-4747-a125-1e02a9669f8f%2F712a409a-3977-4fab-b7c4-5d7b24f03d1c%2Fusua70d_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:**
Which is the main product from the reaction of (S)-2-methylpentanal with an aqueous base?
**Options:**
1. \[(S)-2-methylpentanal\]
- Structure:
2. \[(E)-2-methylpent-2-en-1-ol\]
- Structure:
3. \[racemic-2-methylpentanal\]
- Structure:
4. \[(R)-2-methylpentanal\]
- Structure:
5. \[(E)-2-methylpent-1-en-1-ol\]
- Structure:
**Solution:**
The main product from the reaction of \[(S)-2-methylpentanal\] with aqueous NaOH in ethanol is \[(E)-2-methylpent-2-en-1-ol\].
In the provided image, each option is accompanied by a structure diagram representing the corresponding chemical compound. The correct answer, as indicated by the red circle mark in the image, is option 2:
\[(E)-2-methylpent-2-en-1-ol\]. This is the primary product formed due to the reaction conditions specified (aqueous NaOH and ethanol), which typically lead to the formation of an enolate and subsequent aldol condensation.
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