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Which electrophile given below would react the fastest in a substitution reaction using NaCl in water?

Which electrophile given below would react the fastest in a substitution reaction using NaCl in water?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Question:** Which electrophile given below would react the fastest in a substitution reaction using NaCl in water? **Diagrams:** - **A:** Cyclohexane ring with a fluorine atom (F). - **B:** Cyclohexane ring with a bromine atom (Br). - **C:** Two-carbon chain with an iodine atom (I). - **D:** Two-carbon chain with a tosyl group (OTs). **Choices:** - ○ D - ○ C - ○ A - ○ B **Analysis:** The reactivity of electrophiles in substitution reactions depends on the leaving group's ability to leave. Generally, the order of leaving group ability is: I⁻ > Br⁻ > Cl⁻ > F⁻. Tosylate (OTs) is also a good leaving group. Therefore, compounds containing iodide or tosylate as the leaving group are expected to react faster in substitution reactions. **Conclusion:** Considering the leaving group order: I⁻ and OTs are better leaving groups. Hence, options C and D would react faster, with C possibly reacting fast due to the presence of iodide (I⁻), typically faster than tosylate in some reactions.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Which electrophile given below would react the fastest in a substitution reaction using NaCl in water? **Diagrams:** - **A:** Cyclohexane ring with a fluorine atom (F). - **B:** Cyclohexane ring with a bromine atom (Br). - **C:** Two-carbon chain with an iodine atom (I). - **D:** Two-carbon chain with a tosyl group (OTs). **Choices:** - ○ D - ○ C - ○ A - ○ B **Analysis:** The reactivity of electrophiles in substitution reactions depends on the leaving group's ability to leave. Generally, the order of leaving group ability is: I⁻ > Br⁻ > Cl⁻ > F⁻. Tosylate (OTs) is also a good leaving group. Therefore, compounds containing iodide or tosylate as the leaving group are expected to react faster in substitution reactions. **Conclusion:** Considering the leaving group order: I⁻ and OTs are better leaving groups. Hence, options C and D would react faster, with C possibly reacting fast due to the presence of iodide (I⁻), typically faster than tosylate in some reactions.
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