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- Islet cells in the pancreas are actively synthesizing and secreting insulin into the bloodstream. A scientist purifies different membranous fractions of these islet cells. In which fraction would she find insulin or its intermediates?Marissa has joined a weight loss program. As part of the program, she regu- larly submits a urine sample which is tested for ketones. She went to the clinic today, had her urine checked, and was confronted by the nurse who accused Marissa of “cheating” on her diet. How did the nurse know Marissa was not following her diet?Marissa has joined a weight loss program. As part of the program, she regularly submits a urine sample which is tested for ketones. She went to the clinic today, had her urine checked, and was confronted by the nurse who accused Marissa of “cheating” on her diet. How did the nurse know Marissa was not following her diet?
- What of the following chemicals is released by the pancreas gland when blood glucose levels are increasing above anormal level? O insulin O glucagon O bile O glycogenWhat hormone regulates the short term system related to hunger and satiety? Select one: O a. Insulin O b. Leptin O c. Glucagon O d. ghrelinAt Kate's next appointment, Paula showed Kate how to use a glucose meter. She instructed Kate to measure her blood glucose level twice a day before and after breakfast and dinner. Paula explains to Kate that her pre-meal blood glucose level should be 110 mg/dLmg/dL or less, and if it increases by more than 50 mg/dLmg/dL, she needs to lower the amount of carbohydrates she consumes. Kate and Paula proceed to plan several meals. Because a meal should contain about 45 to 60 gg of carbohydrates, they combined fruits and vegetables that have high and low levels of carbohydrates in the same meal to stay within the recommended range. Kate and Paula also discuss the fact that complex carbohydrates in the body take longer to break down into glucose and, therefore, raise the blood sugar level more gradually. Kate increased her exercise to walking 30 minutes twice a day. She began to change her diet by eating 6 small meals a day consisting of more fruits and vegetables without starch such as green…
- Our diabetic patient John took an insulin shot, but did not eat after. He now has low blood sugar called hypoglycemia. This low blood sugar could lead to a coma because 1.Not enough sugar circulates to the brain 2.Too much sugar reaches the digestive system 3.Not enough sugar circulates to the heart 4.Poor sugar circulation results in hyperglycemiaWhich of these does insulin do? A. It helps the intestines digest glucose. B. It helps glucose enter cells. C. It converts glucose into glutamate. D. It converts stored fats into glucose.Which of the following is TRUE regarding liver metabolism? Select three of the following: The liver (hepatocytes) has hundreds of functions, such as producing glucose, ketones, fatty acids, cholesterol, proteins, and bile for the rest of the body. Hepatocytes have the GLUT2 antiporter, which allows for secondary active transport of glucose into the cells. Hepatocytes have glucokinase that continually makes glucose 6-phosphate, and it has a lower Km than other hexokinases so it continuously metabolizes glucose when concentrations are low. Glucose 6-phosphate is the "transfer station" in the liver since it can be made my multiple pathways and have multiple fates. The liver converts amino acids to citric acid cycle intermediates or pyruvate for gluconeogenesis. The liver oxidizes fatty acids into glucose, which can be sent to other cells and used for energy or converted into phospholipids and triacylglycerol.
- When added sugar is consumed in excess of calorie needs 1. it suppresses the insulin response 2. its metabolism in the body lessens the risk of chronic disease 3. It provides more calories per gram than fat and is more fattening 4. It contribute to inflammation in the blood vessel liningA young man takes several vitamin supplements each day,claiming that they give him energy. Is he correct? Why orwhy not?Ptyalin is an enzyme produced in the: A. salivary glands B. pituitary glands C. thyroid glands D. pancreas