Where is a bent material most likely to fail?
Where is a bent material most likely to fail?
Let us take an example.
Consider any beam applied with external bending moment . This beam undergoes sagging bending, in this type of bending the top most surfaces or fibres undergoes decrease in length(remains in compression),while the bottom surfaces or fibres remain under tension(increase in length).
But there is a surface or layer or fibre in the beam which neither undergoes increase in length nor decrease in length. This surface which is neither in tension nor in compression is known as neutral surface .The intersection of this neutral layer or surface with the cross sections of the beam produces a line, this line is called neutral axis.
The magnitude of bending moment is same for all the cross sections of the beam as we have assumed pure bending. The analysis of bending of any member is done using bending equation or flexural formula.
It has been observed most of the materials generally fail under tensile stresses before they fail under compressive stresses, hence the maximum tensile stress value that can be sustained before the beam undergoes failure is called its flexural strength.
The bending failure due to tension is the most common type of failure which occurs mainly in brittle materials. The bending failure generally occurs in brittle materials on the fibres under tension as their tensile strength is less than their compressive strength.
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