When you blow across the top of a soda bottle, it acts like a closed pipe. If it creates a fundamental frequency of 680 Hz, how deep is the bottle? (Speed of sound = 343 m/s) (Unit = m)
A pipe closed at one one produces a resonating effect of sound, and thus forms standing waves of particular frequencies known as harmonics.
The first harmonic produced in such a pipe is known as the fundamental frequency, and the rest and known as overtones.
For a pipe closed at one end, only odd number harmonics can be produced inside it, since at the open end of the pipe, there will always be an antinode of the standing wave produced in the pipe
In the given problem, when air is blown across the top of a soda bottle, this air enters the soda bottle, reflects off the bottom surface of the bottle and turns back. This turned back air wave interferes with the incoming air wave in the soda bottle, and thus produces a resonating standing wave.
The fundamental frequency of the standing wave produced in such a bottle is given to be 680 Hz.
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