When working on barley plants, two researchers independently identify a short-plant mutation and develop homozygous recessive lines of short plants. Careful measurements of the height of mutant short plants versus norma tall plants indicate that the two mutant lines have the same height. How would you determine if these two mutant lines carry mutation of the same gene or of different genes?
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- In corn plants, a dominant allele (I) inhibits kernel colour, but the recessive allele (i) permits colour when homozygous. At a different locus, the dominant gene P causes purple kernel colour, and the homozygous recessive genotype pp causes red kernels. If plants that are heterozygous at both loci are crossed, what will be the phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation?In the rare rainbow rose, it has been shown that flower color is controlled by 2 genes. No one knows how the 2 genes are related and several hypotheses have emerged to explain how they interact to produce flowers with purple, yellow, and green pedals. You cross purple and green flowering plants, and find that F1 are all yellow colored. You allow F1 to self-fertilize and this produces 222 purple, 222 yellow and 222 green flowers. The 2 most popular theories are: a co-dominance relationship or an epistatic relationship between the 2 genes. Your team deduces that if co-dominance should result in 216 purple, 220 yellow and 230 green. Where as, an epistatic relationship should result in 250 purple, 200 yellow, and 216 green. 1-Which hypothesis is correct? a- Co-dominace b- Epistatic and The odds the theory you selected is correct is (less or greater) than (10%,25%,50%,90%)In wheat, aleurone cells form a thin layer of the seed coat that is critical to early gene expression in plant development. The color of this layer of cells is controlled by two alleles of a gene [colored aleurone (R) is dominant to colorless (r)]. A second gene is known to control the color of leaf tips [green leaf tip (G) is dominant to yellow (g)]. Two plants, each heterozygous for both characteristics, are test crossed to homozygous recessives, and their progeny are combined to produce the following totals: colored green 102 colored yellow 98 colorless green 103 colorless yellow 97 a) Use chi-square analysis to test these data for an independent assortment of the two characteristics (table provided). Please show work, how your expected values are calculated, and explain what your results indicate about the data. b) You decide to be cautious in your analysis, and decide to analyze the progeny from each of the crosses individually (instead of adding them together as shown above).…
- A genetic cross was made between two types of pea plants. One type produces round and green seeds, while the other type produces wrinkled and yellow seeds. A plant breeder crossed these two types and then allowed the F1 generation to self-fertilize. The following data were obtained: F1 generation: all produce wrinkled and yellow seeds. F2 generation: 157 produce wrinkled and yellow seeds 57 produce wrinkled and green seeds 54 produce round and yellow seeds 20 produce round and green seeds a) Propose a hypothesis that you think is consistent with the observed data. b) Test the goodness of fit between the data and your hypothesis using a chi square test. c) Explain what your calculated chi square results mean.How can mutations cause changes to the traits? Explain using the following steps:1- DNA 2- Gene 3- Protein 4- Traits We need one explanation for the normal side and one for the mutation side. Can you explain in a few sentences how the change in the structure of the gene affects the function of the corn plant?You are working with a hypothetical fly and have found color and wing mutants. Preliminary work indicates that the mutant traits are recessive and the associated genes are not sex-linked, but beyond that, you have no information. You first look at 2 genes, each with 2 alleles. "B" or “b" for body color and "W" or "w" for wing surface. The red-body phenotype is dominant to the yellow-body phenotype and smooth wings are dominant to crinkled wings.
- Given round and wrinkled plants, for which of these phenotypes would you be able to determine genotype based on visual observation of the plant alone? Explain.In Pansies, two genes, B and D, control the synthesis of the pigments in flower petals. The biochemical pathway is shown In each case the uppercase letter codes for the wildtype enzyme and is dominant. a What color flowers, would you expect in a plant of genotype bbDD? b. What color flowers, would you expect in a plant of genotype BBdd? c. If the plants in parts a and b are crossed what color petals would the Fl plants have? gene B enzyme gene D enzyme white white purple pigment precursor intermediateIn corn plants, a dominant allele (1) inhibits the expression of kernel color, while the recessive allele (1) promotes the expression of kernel color when homozygous. Another dominant allele, (P), causes purple kernel color, while the homozygous recessive genotype (pp) causes red kernels. Assuming that these alleles assort independently, predict the phenotypic ratio of the offspring if two plants dihybrid for these characteristics are crossed.
- The data set attached presents the results of a testcross using female flies heterozygous for three traits and male flies, which are homozygous recessive. For simplicity, mutant alleles are shown with letters a, b, and c and wildtype alleles are indicated by a “+” symbol. For this part of the report do the following in order: a) Determine the gene order (which gene is in the middle?)d) Construct a genetic map for the three genes, including the map distances between them. Clearly indicate the logic you followed and show all your calculations. Include the full distance calculations for the two most distanced genes (do not just add the other 2 distances). Ensure the work is neat and clear and does not contain spelling or grammatical errors so that it is understandable. Make sure to double check the solution provided.In some plants a red pigment is synthesized from a colorless precursor. The addition of a hydroxyl group to the precursor molecule causes it to become purple. In a cross between two randomly selected purple plants, the following results were obtained. 94 purple 31 red 43 white Q:What are the genotypes of the two random purple plants? R/r; P/p X R/r; P/p R/r; p/p X R/r; p/p r/r; P/p X r/r; P/p r/r; p/p X r/r; p/p R/R; P/P X r/r; p/pIn snapdragons red flower colour (CR) is incompletely dominant to white flower colour (CW). The heterozygote has pink flowers. Normal broad leaves (LB) are incompletely dominant to narrow, grass-like leaves, (LN). The heterozygote has intermediate leaf width. If a red-flowered, narrow leaved snapdragon is crossed with a white-flowered broad leaved one, what will be the phenotypes in the F1 and F2 generations, and what will be the proportions of the different phenotypic classes? (You must draw a branch diagram to provide the answer for the F2)