When two adjacent bases in the same strand of DNA dimerize (form a covalent bond between them), what happens to the DNA?​   a. ​the original strand of DNA now contains a new DNA sequence   b. ​the original strand of DNA is prevented from opening during replication, so this section of DNA will not be replicated   c. ​the original strand of DNA is methylated, which causes the bases to mismatch   d. ​the original strand of DNA is kinked, which prevents DNA polymerase from working properly   e. ​the original strand of DNA is unaffected, so no additional mutations arise

Q: Given a DNA strand with nucleotide sequence 3’ CCGTTACCGC 5’, how many hydrogen bonds are formed…

A: DNA (De-oxy ribonucleic Acid) consists of four nitrogenous bases, namely, Adenine (A), Thymine (T),…

Q: What is the purpose of the low temperature step in the PCR reaction? a. To allow DNA polymerase to…

A: The denaturation step of PCR is optimized for high temperatures. The annealing step in PCR is…

Q: What happens at the conclusion of DNA replication?a. The daughter double helices each consist of one…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is cellular genetic material that is present as double helical…

Q: What is meant by the term DNA replication? a. synthesis of nucleotides b. cell division c.…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) is a molecule comprised of two polynucleotide chains coiled around each…

Q: The α-helix and the β-pleated sheet are part of whichprotein structure?a. primaryb. secondaryc.…

A: Step 1 Proteins are large-sized mixed polymers or heteropolymers of several types of alpha-amino…

Q: Which is true of the lagging strand in DNA synthesis?   a. It is built elongating towards the…

A: DNA replication is the process by which the DNA generates a copy of itself. It is semi-conservative…

Q: What is the structure of a DNA molecule?   A. Two nucleotide strands coiled into a double helix held…

A: DNA is the genetic material that is responsible for inheritance of characters. It is present in the…

Q: What feature of a DNA fragment causes it to move through a gel during electrophoresis? a. the…

A: Introduction: Gel electrophoresis is a molecular technology that helps to separate the DNA fragments…

Q: What is the invariant region of nucleic acids? A. Sugar group B. Nitrogenous base C. Methylation D.…

A: Nucleotides are the building blocks of 2′-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).…

Q: When does spontaneous mutation occur? A. a DNA base is an unstable tautomeric form as the…

A: Induced mutation occur after treatment of organism with mutagen. Spontaneous mutation occur as a…

Q: – Draw a DNA strand with 10 adenine bases followed by 10 cytosine bases. If that same strand bonded…

A: DNA is a double helix, but only one of the two strands contains the information encoding each…

Q: Why is cigarette smoke harmful to DNA? O a. Nicotine in smoke reacts with cell cycle proteins,…

A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms. It…

Q: Which statement describes Linus Pauling's contribution to the understanding of DNA structure? a…

A: The following statement describes Linus Pauling's contribution to the understanding of DNA structure…

Q: What is labeled as II in the diagram below? 3' [A] U/UCCGGA Iccuc TGGCCU II mRNA 5' covalent bonds…

A: The tRNA or transfer RNA shows clover leaf like 2D structure formed by a single strand of RNA joined…

Q: Which of the folllowing is the term used for ultra compact form of DNA coiling? a. supercoiling…

A: Compacting DNA is important for packaging it within the cells. As the length of a DNA molecule can…

Q: Describe What were different types of chemical bonds are found in DNA and where are they found?

A: The class of macromolecules known as nucleic acid is found in the cells of all living things. A…

Q: Which step follows the assembly of new DNA strands by DNA polymerase?   a.DNA ligase seals any gaps…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) is a molecule comprised of two polynucleotide chains coiled around each…

Q: Make a list of all components necessary for DNA replication; now explain how these components are…

A: Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms that carry coded genetic…

Q: Which type of mutation produces the same protein despite a change in the DNA? A. nonsense B.…

A: The mutation is defined as an alteration or change in the nucleotide sequence of the organism's…

Q: Which sequences are spliced out of the mRNA strand before leaving the nucleus?  In other words,…

A: Answer: TRANSCRIPTION : It is the process in central dogma where a DNA strand is transcribed in to…

Q: Why do the fragments of DNA in gel electrophoresis travel away from the negative electrode?   A.…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of living organisms. DNA provides the…

Q: What is the use of Liquid soap in DNA extraction?*   A. binds cell membrane and nuclei B. dissolves…

A: DNA extraction is a process of extracting DNA from the cell for further experiments. It is a method…

Q: 1. Write out the full name for DNA. 2. What is a gene? 3. Where in the cell are chromosomes located?…

A: DNA is the basic genetic and hereditary material in most eukaryotic organisms. It is a nucleic acid.…

Q: What are major functions that DNA polymerase performs?   A. unzips the DNA strand and makes the new…

A: The process of replication of DNA is catalysed by various sets of enzyme namely: DNA polymerase, DNA…

Q: Levene made which contribution to our understanding of DNA structure? a. He determined that the…

A: Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms that carry coded genetic…

Q: When working with the gel electrophoresis chamber, what must we keep in mind? A. Keeping the gel…

A: Gel electrophoresis technique of separation of molecules on the basis of their size and charge under…

Q: Which part of the DNA is broken in a double strand break?       a.  Hydrogen bonds between bases…

A: Double strand break in the DNA happens when DNA is being exposed to some irradiating agents or…

Q: There is segment of double-stranded DNA that is found to have a total of 140 bases. If 45 of those…

A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid )  is two stranded ladder like structure which contain four bases :-…

Q: Make a list of the key distinctions between DNA and RNA. Explain if information from proteins is…

A: Nucleic acids are biopolymers or major macromolecules required for all known forms of life to exist.…

Q: Which description of DNA replication is correct? A. The two strands of DNA separate, and restriction…

A: Cells duplicate their hereditary material through a process known as DNA replication. Cell division…

Q: The structure of DNA revealed how information is stored in the base sequence along a DNA strand. But…

A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around…

Q: The nucleotide sequence in a single strand of DNA represents which level of structure? a.…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores the cell’s genetic information and is present in the nucleus of…

Q: Which DNA fragment will be closest to the top (negative pole) of anelectrophoretic gel?a. 450 bp b.…

A: DNA can be measured in base pairs. We can consider base pair as basic unit of DNA. 1000 bp = 1 kb (…

Q: atthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl performed an experiment using heavy isotopes and bacteria to…

A: The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies…

Q: Which is a difference between B-DNA and A-DNA? A. For polynucleotide strands containing the same…

A: DNA:- Only acts as genetic material- Polynucleotide (monomeric unit is nucleotide)- Nucleotide is…

Q: Two DNA strands consisting of 100 bases and 1000 bases are denatured by heat. Which strand will you…

A: Denaturation of DNA is the process where the two strands unwound and the hydrogen bonds between the…

Q: Considering the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect an equal ratio of which…

A: Chargaff's rules define that any DNA irrespective of species or organism has a 1:1 stoichiometric…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.