When copper metal is added to nitric acid, the following reaction takes place Cu (s) + 4 HNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 H2O (I) + 2 NO2 (g) Calculate the volume in liters of NO2 gas collected over water at 25.0 °C when 3.29 g of copper is added to excess nitric acid if the total pressure is 726.0 mmHg. The vapor pressure of water at 25.0 °C is 23.8 mm Hg.

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**Title:** Copper and Nitric Acid Reaction and NO₂ Gas Collection

**Introduction:**
When copper metal reacts with nitric acid, a chemical reaction occurs that produces copper(II) nitrate, water, and nitrogen dioxide gas. This lesson will guide you through the process of calculating the volume of NO₂ gas generated in this reaction under given conditions.

**Reaction Description:**
The chemical equation for the reaction between copper and nitric acid is:
\[ \text{Cu (s) + 4 HNO}_3\, (\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{Cu(NO}_3\text{)}_2\, (\text{aq}) + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O (l)} + 2 \text{NO}_2\, (\text{g}) \]

**Problem Statement:**
Calculate the volume in liters of NO₂ gas collected over water at 25.0 °C when 3.29 g of copper is added to excess nitric acid if the total pressure is 726.0 mmHg. The vapor pressure of water at 25.0 °C is 23.8 mmHg.

**Steps to Solve the Problem:**

1. **Determine the moles of copper:**
   - The molar mass of copper (Cu) is 63.55 g/mol.
   - Moles of Cu = \(\frac{\text{Mass of Cu}}{\text{Molar mass of Cu}}\) = \(\frac{3.29\, \text{g}}{63.55\, \text{g/mol}}\) = 0.0518 mol of Cu.

2. **Use the stoichiometry of the reaction:**
   - According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of Cu produces 2 moles of NO₂.
   - Moles of NO₂ = 0.0518 mol Cu × \(\frac{2\, \text{mol NO}_2}{1\, \text{mol Cu}}\) = 0.1036 mol NO₂.

3. **Correct for the vapor pressure of water:**
   - Partial pressure of NO₂, \(P_{\text{NO}_2}\):
     \(P_{\text{NO}_2} = P_{\text{total}} - P_{\text{H}_2\text{O}}\)
     \(P_{\text{NO}_2} = 726.0\, \text{mmHg
Transcribed Image Text:**Title:** Copper and Nitric Acid Reaction and NO₂ Gas Collection **Introduction:** When copper metal reacts with nitric acid, a chemical reaction occurs that produces copper(II) nitrate, water, and nitrogen dioxide gas. This lesson will guide you through the process of calculating the volume of NO₂ gas generated in this reaction under given conditions. **Reaction Description:** The chemical equation for the reaction between copper and nitric acid is: \[ \text{Cu (s) + 4 HNO}_3\, (\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{Cu(NO}_3\text{)}_2\, (\text{aq}) + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O (l)} + 2 \text{NO}_2\, (\text{g}) \] **Problem Statement:** Calculate the volume in liters of NO₂ gas collected over water at 25.0 °C when 3.29 g of copper is added to excess nitric acid if the total pressure is 726.0 mmHg. The vapor pressure of water at 25.0 °C is 23.8 mmHg. **Steps to Solve the Problem:** 1. **Determine the moles of copper:** - The molar mass of copper (Cu) is 63.55 g/mol. - Moles of Cu = \(\frac{\text{Mass of Cu}}{\text{Molar mass of Cu}}\) = \(\frac{3.29\, \text{g}}{63.55\, \text{g/mol}}\) = 0.0518 mol of Cu. 2. **Use the stoichiometry of the reaction:** - According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of Cu produces 2 moles of NO₂. - Moles of NO₂ = 0.0518 mol Cu × \(\frac{2\, \text{mol NO}_2}{1\, \text{mol Cu}}\) = 0.1036 mol NO₂. 3. **Correct for the vapor pressure of water:** - Partial pressure of NO₂, \(P_{\text{NO}_2}\): \(P_{\text{NO}_2} = P_{\text{total}} - P_{\text{H}_2\text{O}}\) \(P_{\text{NO}_2} = 726.0\, \text{mmHg
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