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When blood is taken out of the body for processing into an extracorporeal device, a major concern is that the level of shear stress to which the blood is exposed should be less than a critical level (roughly 1000 dyne/cm²). Exposure to shear stress levels higher than this can lead to lysis of the red blood cells, activation of platelets, and initiation of the clotting cascade. Consider the flow of blood through a device that has a set of parallel tubes each with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 10 cm. What is the maximum pressure drop that should be used for such a device if the highest shear levels in the device occur in these tubes? Blood has a viscosity of 0.0445 g/cm's.

When blood is taken out of the body for processing into an extracorporeal device, a major concern is that the level of shear stress to which the blood is exposed should be less than a critical level (roughly 1000 dyne/cm²). Exposure to shear stress levels higher than this can lead to lysis of the red blood cells, activation of platelets, and initiation of the clotting cascade. Consider the flow of blood through a device that has a set of parallel tubes each with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 10 cm. What is the maximum pressure drop that should be used for such a device if the highest shear levels in the device occur in these tubes? Blood has a viscosity of 0.0445 g/cm's.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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**Understanding Shear Stress in Extracorporeal Devices** When blood is taken out of the body for processing in an extracorporeal device, it is crucial to ensure that the level of shear stress the blood experiences is kept below a critical threshold (approximately 1000 dyne/cm²). Exceeding this level of shear stress can cause red blood cells to break down (lysis), trigger platelet activation, and initiate the clotting cascade—processes that can be detrimental to patient health. **Example Problem** Consider the flow of blood through a device featuring several parallel tubes, each with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 10 cm. The challenge is to determine the maximum allowable pressure drop to ensure shear stress does not exceed safe levels within these tubes. Given: blood has a viscosity of 0.0445 g/cm·s. This scenario illustrates the importance of controlling flow dynamics in medical devices to maintain safe and effective operation, avoiding adverse reactions related to blood handling.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Shear Stress in Extracorporeal Devices** When blood is taken out of the body for processing in an extracorporeal device, it is crucial to ensure that the level of shear stress the blood experiences is kept below a critical threshold (approximately 1000 dyne/cm²). Exceeding this level of shear stress can cause red blood cells to break down (lysis), trigger platelet activation, and initiate the clotting cascade—processes that can be detrimental to patient health. **Example Problem** Consider the flow of blood through a device featuring several parallel tubes, each with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 10 cm. The challenge is to determine the maximum allowable pressure drop to ensure shear stress does not exceed safe levels within these tubes. Given: blood has a viscosity of 0.0445 g/cm·s. This scenario illustrates the importance of controlling flow dynamics in medical devices to maintain safe and effective operation, avoiding adverse reactions related to blood handling.
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