Answered: What would happen if you accidentally…

What would happen if you accidentally ingested a toxin that completely inhibited the function of the Ca2+ pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane?

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter32: Structural Support And Movement

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SA

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Concept explainers

Tissue regeneration & repair

Tissue regeneration involves the restoration of tissue components by regrowth of damaged tissues. In contrast, tissue repair involves patching of injured tissue rather than restoring it. It is the proliferative capacity of the cells that decides the amount of regeneration against the repair that would occur in the tissue. Both regeneration and repair depending on the duration of the injury and response to the inflammation.

Question

What would happen if you accidentally ingested a toxin that completely inhibited the function of the Ca2+ pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane?

Expert Solution

Step 1

All the membrane of the cells, as well as their organelle, possess several different types of ion channels and pumps. These help to regulate the concentration of the ions.

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Why is the movement of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm into the sarcoplasmic reticulum classified as active transport?
Compare the rate of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the rate of Ca2+ return back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is true? The rate of ca2+ returns is faster than the rate of ca2+ release The rate of ca2+ release is faster than the rate of ca2+ return Rates of Ca2+ release from and return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum are the same.
The gap junction channel formed by connexin 43 in cardiac muscle has which of the following properties? OA. It links excitation and calcium release between the Sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. OB. Is opened and closed by a gate on the intracellular side of S4 OC is composed of Hexamers. OD. Is opened and closed by positive charges on S4 OE. All of the above
Transmission of electrical signals in nerve and muscle cell is mediated by opening and closing of: 1) ion channels in the nuclear envelope 2) ion channels in the plasma membrane 3) the electron transport chain 4) the sodium potassium ATPase in the plasma membrane
Put these events in the correct chronological sequence: 1. End-plate potentials trigger action potentials. 2. Transverse tubules convey potentials into the interior of the cell. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate. 4. Binding sites on actin are uncovered, allowing myosin to bind and carry out power strokes. 5. Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 6. Chemically regulated ion channels open, causing depolarization. 7. Ca2+ ions bind to troponin-C, pulling on tropomyosin. A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4, 7,6 B) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 7, 4 C) 4, 1, 3, 7, 2, 6, 5 D) 2, 4, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5 E) 3, 6, 1, 5, 7, 2, 4
What would happen to muscle function if you ingested a toxin that completely inactivated troponin? The toxin inhibits its ability to change conformation. How would this affect muscle contraction?
For the myosin head to form cross bridges with actin, it is necessary for to bind to actin. a) Calcium b) Troponin c) Sarcolemma d) ATP
If a muscle cell’s sarcoplasmic reticulum had little to no Ca2+, could the muscle cell still produce an electrical impulse, and would the muscle cell still contract? Explain.
Suppose a person had an unusual mutation in the troponin protein of his skeletal muscles, such that the troponin could not bind to calcium. Would this person’s muscles be constantly contracted, constantly relaxed, or able to function normally? Explain.
2) List the names of the two major Contractile Proteins. Which of the proteins is "bound" and "anchored" to the cell membrane? The other protein essentially "floats" within the ctyoplasm; which contractile protein "floats". 3) Contractions in a muscle cell (or fiber) is always stimulated and intiated by a rapid rise in intrallcellular calcium. Write a brief paragraph or two explaining the differences in the sources of Contraction- causing-Calcium within the 3 different muscle-cell types.
If a muscle cell had very short T-tubules, how much tension would the muscle fiber create, relative to a normal muscle fiber? Assume sarcoplasmic reticulum can still react to activity at the neuromuscular junction. a)Less tension would be created. b) No difference in tension creation. c) More tension would be created. d) No tension would be created.
What are the two major Contractile Proteins? Which of the proteins is "bound" and "anchored" to the cell membrane? The other protein essentially "floats" within the cytoplasm; which contractile protein "floats".