What were the major reasons for the decline of both the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates? What role did the umma play in this? In your answer, explain the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates decline.  What role did the umma play in this?

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What were the major reasons for the decline of both the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates? What role did the umma play in this? In your answer, explain the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates decline.  What role did the umma play in this?
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