What specific parts of the endocrine system is affected in this case? What are the normal functions of the body system involved in this case? Explain briefly the terminologies/statements in the case (bold and underlined)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

CASE:

A 68-year-old male patient with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has received optimal metformin monotherapy for the last 2 years (current dose of 2000 mg/day) and tolerates the treatment well. Hypoglycemia has not been an issue to date. His body mass index (BMI) is 28 kg/m2, which he has worked hard to reduce from 35 kg/m2 over the last 2 years. He has mild hypertension, which is well- controlled on a thiazide plus an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. His blood lipids are well-controlled on atorvastatin 10 mg daily.  He now presents at the clinic with an HbA1c of 7.6%. 

After reviewing the available therapeutic choices and using a shared decision-making model, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is selected as add-on therapy based upon simplicity of use, tolerability, and the patient’s wish to avoid anything that might cause weight gain.

 

  1. What specific parts of the endocrine system is affected in this case?
  2. What are the normal functions of the body system involved in this case?
  3. Explain briefly the terminologies/statements in the case (bold and underlined) Discuss the specific structure involved as to:
    • The structure/ anatomy
    • The function/ physiology
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