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What role did the Age of Discovery play in shaping the Modern World?

What role did the Age of Discovery play in shaping the Modern World?

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What role did the Age of Discovery play in shaping the Modern World? Please DON’T REJECT THE QUESTION ALLOW SOMEONE ELSE TO ANSWER.
Deroni bire Redeut S"Cagherins forte F Pembroki forte | King Caftell Sehampton ferte Sale of Mils 旺 出出 Tarwicks ferte e tl C The Summer fi. ILLI The Bri l TAS. Riches Mount Peni/ler lute Charles fut State houle Thes Le AB.C.Fher the fimanon of thes bridgo P the MeDE EGHIKLM. NO. farts hor Faarts forte Smth w ele bi. wilhew you ogleme THE ISLAND OF BERMUDA. This map of the "Summer Isle" of Bermuda and the accompanying images of its major fortifications and sites were drawn by Captain John Smith and published in The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (1624). > Why would such features be of interest to readers of this pamphlet? THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS The accelerating rate of global connections in the sixteenth century precipitated the unprecedented movement of peoples, plants, animals, and bacteria. This movement is known as the "Columbian exchange," and it soon came to encompass lands that lay far beyond the purview of Columbus and his contemporaries, including Australia and the Pacific Islands. los Because of its profound consequences, the Columbian exchange is a fundamen- tal turning point in both human history and the history of the earth's ecology. It put new agricultural products into circulation, introduced new species of animals, and accidentally encouraged the spread of diseases and the devastating invasions of nonnative plants and animals. For example, the introduction of pigs and dogs to islands in the Atlantic and Pacific resulted in the extinction of indigenous animals and birds. The landscapes of Central America and southwestern North America were denuded of vegetation after Spanish settlers attempted large-scale herding and ranching operations. European honeybees displaced native insect populations and fostered harmful plant species. Gray squirrels and raccoons from North America STO absrai Columbian exchange The widespread exchange of peoples, plants, animals, diseases, goods, and culture between the African and Eurasian landmasses (on the one hand) and the region that encompasses the Americas, Australia and the Pacific Islands (on the other); precipitated by Christopher Columbus. 08ar-02 bl The Emergence of the Atlantic World 471
Transcribed Image Text:Deroni bire Redeut S"Cagherins forte F Pembroki forte | King Caftell Sehampton ferte Sale of Mils 旺 出出 Tarwicks ferte e tl C The Summer fi. ILLI The Bri l TAS. Riches Mount Peni/ler lute Charles fut State houle Thes Le AB.C.Fher the fimanon of thes bridgo P the MeDE EGHIKLM. NO. farts hor Faarts forte Smth w ele bi. wilhew you ogleme THE ISLAND OF BERMUDA. This map of the "Summer Isle" of Bermuda and the accompanying images of its major fortifications and sites were drawn by Captain John Smith and published in The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (1624). > Why would such features be of interest to readers of this pamphlet? THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS The accelerating rate of global connections in the sixteenth century precipitated the unprecedented movement of peoples, plants, animals, and bacteria. This movement is known as the "Columbian exchange," and it soon came to encompass lands that lay far beyond the purview of Columbus and his contemporaries, including Australia and the Pacific Islands. los Because of its profound consequences, the Columbian exchange is a fundamen- tal turning point in both human history and the history of the earth's ecology. It put new agricultural products into circulation, introduced new species of animals, and accidentally encouraged the spread of diseases and the devastating invasions of nonnative plants and animals. For example, the introduction of pigs and dogs to islands in the Atlantic and Pacific resulted in the extinction of indigenous animals and birds. The landscapes of Central America and southwestern North America were denuded of vegetation after Spanish settlers attempted large-scale herding and ranching operations. European honeybees displaced native insect populations and fostered harmful plant species. Gray squirrels and raccoons from North America STO absrai Columbian exchange The widespread exchange of peoples, plants, animals, diseases, goods, and culture between the African and Eurasian landmasses (on the one hand) and the region that encompasses the Americas, Australia and the Pacific Islands (on the other); precipitated by Christopher Columbus. 08ar-02 bl The Emergence of the Atlantic World 471
worms were transported to the Americas. Insects from all over the world traveled to new environments violent- found their way to Britain and the European Conti- nent, and brown rats and even some species of earth- THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE The following are just a few of the commodities and contagions that moved between the Old World and the New World in this era. of human populations accelerated this process. Entire peoples were wiped out by force, resettle- ment, or disease. As much as 90 percent of the pre-Columbian population of the Americas died of smallpox, cholera, influenza, typhoid, measles, malaria, and bubonic plague-all brought from Europe. Syphilis, in contrast, appears to have been brought to Europe from the Americas, possibly by and spread unfamiliar forms of bacteria and pollen. The mass transfer-voluntary or Old WorldNew World New World Old World • Wheat • Corn Sugar • Bananas • Potatoes • Beans • Rice Squash Wine grapes • Pumpkins • Tomatoes • Horses Meanwhile, the importation of foodstuffs from one part of the world to another, and their culti- vation in new habitats, revolutionized the diets of local populations. The American potato, which could be grown in substandard soil and stored for long periods, eventually became the staple diet of the European poor. Indeed, the foods and flavors that characterize today's iconic cuisines are, to an extraordinary degree, the result of the Columbian exchange. Who can imagine an English meal with- out potatoes? Switzerland or Belgium without chocolate? Thai food without chili peppers? On the other side of the Atlantic, Florida without oranges? Colombia without coffee? Hawaii without pineapples? Of the ingredients that make up the quintessential American hamburger- ground-beef patties on a bun with lettuce, tomato, pickles, onion, and (if you like) cheese-only one component is indigenous to America: tomato. Everything else is Old World. Even the name is European, a reference to Hamburg in Germany. Columbus's own sailors. • Pigs • Avocados • Chili peppers • Pineapples • Chickens • Sheep • Cattle Cocoa •Smallpox • Tobacco • Measles Syphilis • Typhus Most newcomers to EARLY COLONIAL POPULATIONS the Americas are Compared with the seven million Africans forced to labor and die on plantations across the Atlantic, only about 1.5 million Europeans immigrated to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Most of them were men, and they were subject to high mortality rates. Rulers did what they could to encourage fresh waves of settlement, but the number of those who chose to seek their fortunes abroad remained relatively small during this period. In the Spanish colonies, by 1570, some hundred and fifty thousand settlers were largely concentrated in the military and administrative centers of the empire. Even the owners of plantations lived in cities, with foremen to manage their estates. Only chose who had been granted encomiendas tended to live on the lands entrusted to them by the crown (the Spanish verb encomendar means "to entrust"). The encomienda System was an extension of the earlier "reconquista' of Spain (Chapter 12), originally Set up to manage Muslim populations in territories captured by Christian crusaders. Africans forced into enslavement 472 Chapter 14 > Europe in the Atlantic World, 1550-1660
Transcribed Image Text:worms were transported to the Americas. Insects from all over the world traveled to new environments violent- found their way to Britain and the European Conti- nent, and brown rats and even some species of earth- THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE The following are just a few of the commodities and contagions that moved between the Old World and the New World in this era. of human populations accelerated this process. Entire peoples were wiped out by force, resettle- ment, or disease. As much as 90 percent of the pre-Columbian population of the Americas died of smallpox, cholera, influenza, typhoid, measles, malaria, and bubonic plague-all brought from Europe. Syphilis, in contrast, appears to have been brought to Europe from the Americas, possibly by and spread unfamiliar forms of bacteria and pollen. The mass transfer-voluntary or Old WorldNew World New World Old World • Wheat • Corn Sugar • Bananas • Potatoes • Beans • Rice Squash Wine grapes • Pumpkins • Tomatoes • Horses Meanwhile, the importation of foodstuffs from one part of the world to another, and their culti- vation in new habitats, revolutionized the diets of local populations. The American potato, which could be grown in substandard soil and stored for long periods, eventually became the staple diet of the European poor. Indeed, the foods and flavors that characterize today's iconic cuisines are, to an extraordinary degree, the result of the Columbian exchange. Who can imagine an English meal with- out potatoes? Switzerland or Belgium without chocolate? Thai food without chili peppers? On the other side of the Atlantic, Florida without oranges? Colombia without coffee? Hawaii without pineapples? Of the ingredients that make up the quintessential American hamburger- ground-beef patties on a bun with lettuce, tomato, pickles, onion, and (if you like) cheese-only one component is indigenous to America: tomato. Everything else is Old World. Even the name is European, a reference to Hamburg in Germany. Columbus's own sailors. • Pigs • Avocados • Chili peppers • Pineapples • Chickens • Sheep • Cattle Cocoa •Smallpox • Tobacco • Measles Syphilis • Typhus Most newcomers to EARLY COLONIAL POPULATIONS the Americas are Compared with the seven million Africans forced to labor and die on plantations across the Atlantic, only about 1.5 million Europeans immigrated to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Most of them were men, and they were subject to high mortality rates. Rulers did what they could to encourage fresh waves of settlement, but the number of those who chose to seek their fortunes abroad remained relatively small during this period. In the Spanish colonies, by 1570, some hundred and fifty thousand settlers were largely concentrated in the military and administrative centers of the empire. Even the owners of plantations lived in cities, with foremen to manage their estates. Only chose who had been granted encomiendas tended to live on the lands entrusted to them by the crown (the Spanish verb encomendar means "to entrust"). The encomienda System was an extension of the earlier "reconquista' of Spain (Chapter 12), originally Set up to manage Muslim populations in territories captured by Christian crusaders. Africans forced into enslavement 472 Chapter 14 > Europe in the Atlantic World, 1550-1660
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