What role did the Age of Discovery play in shaping the Modern World? Please DON’T REJECT THE QUESTION ALLOW SOMEONE ELSE TO ANSWER. YRAMIRSDAYAAIn the American version of the system, the lands overseen by encomenderos werestill technically owned by native peoples; but in practice, settlers exploited the landfor their own profit, treating native workers like serfs. Some encomenderos weredescendants of the first conquistadors. Others were drawn from Aztec and Incaelites, many of whom were women-including the daughters of the Aztec emperorMontezuma.In North America, by contrast, English colonies in New England and the Chesa-peake Bay were tiny and rural. Yet they grew more quickly, with settlers numberingabout a quarter of a million by 1700. Part of the reason for this growth was thegreater impetus for emigration caused by overpopulation in the British Isles. Thepersecution of radical Protestant groups also played an important role in drivingimmigration, especially to the New England colonies, where relocation of enti-afamilies and even communities was common. The colonies in Virginia offered addi-tional incentives by granting a hundred acres to each settler.The numbers of migrants was also swelled by indentured servitude, a practicethat brought thousands of "free"European laborers across the Atlantic under termsthat made them temporary slaves. The term "indenture" refers to the contract thatbound a servant to a master for a set period of time: copied in duplicate on a singlesheet of paper or parchment, the two halves would be cut apart in such a way asto leave jagged edges that looked like teeth (in Latin, dentes) and which could befitted together to prove the contract's validity. As much as 80 percent of the peoplewho arrived in the Chesapeake colony were indentured servants, nearly a quarterof them women.Indentured servitude:a different form ofunfree laborNEW SOCIAL HIERARCHIES IN NEW SPAINAfter the conquests of the Aztec and Inca Empires (Chapter 12), the Spanish estab-lished colonial governments in Mexico and Peru. Overseen by a bureaucracy inMadrid, these colonies were highly centralized-but only because they built on theadministrative structures of indigenous governments. For the most part, native peo-ples already lived in large, well-regulated villages and towns, so the Spanish govern-ment worked closely with local elites to maintain order. Indeed, the encomienda systemwas so effective because it also built on these existing structures and did not attemptto uproot or eliminate existing native cultures; it focused, instead, on exploiting nativelabor, especially for extracting mineral resources. Although farming and ranchingwere encouraged, mining dominated the Spanish colonial economy in this era.While the Spanish worked to convert native peoples to Catholicism, they did notattempt to change basic patterns of life. The result was widespread cultural assimila-tion by the relatively small numbers of (usually male) European settlers, who mostlyintermarried with their colonial subjects. This pattern gave rise to a complex anddistinctive caste system in New Spain, with a few "pure-blooded" immigrants at thetop, a large number of creoles (peoples of mixed descent) in the middle, and NativeAmericans at the bottom. In theory, these racial categories also corresponded toclass distinctions; but in practice, race and class did not always coincide. Racial con-cepts were extremely flexible, and prosperous families of mixed descent often foundways to establish their "pure" Spanish ancestry by adopting the social practices ofcolonial elites. The lingering effects of this complicated stratification can still be seenin Latin America today.Spanish colonizerspartner with Aztec andInca elites in efficient,yet exploitative, ruleto inclo473The Emergence of the Atlantic World ANALYZING PRIMARY SOURCESEnslaved Native Laborers at PotoSIThese Indians have different functions in the han-dling of the silver ore; some break it up with bar or pick,and dig down in, following the vein in the mine; othersbring it up; others up above keep separating the goodand the poor in piles; others are occupied in taking itdown from the range to the mills on herds of llamas;every day they bring up more than 8,000 of these nativebeasts of burden for this task. These teamsters whoAccording to His Majesty's warrant, the mine owners onthis massive range [at Potosí) have a right to the conscriptedlabor of 13,300 Indians in the working and exploitation ofthe mines, both those [mines] which have been discovered,those now discovered, and those which shall be discovered.It is the duty of the Corregidor [municipal governor] ofPotosí to have them rounded up and to see that they comein from all the provinces between Cuzco... and as far asthe frontiers of Tarija and Tomina. ...The conscripted Indians go up every Monday morn-ing to the... foot of the range; the Corregidor arrives withall the provincial captains or chiefs who have charge ofthe Indians assigned him for his miner or smelter; thatkeeps him busy till 1 P.M., by which time the Indians arealready turned over to these mine and smelter owners.After each has eaten his ration, they climb up the hill,each to his mine, and go in, staying there from that houruntil Saturday evening without coming out of the mine;their wives bring them food, but they stay constantly under-ground, excavating and carrying out the ore from whichthey get the silver. They all have tallow candles, lighted dayand night; that is the light they work with, for as they areunderground, they have need for it all the time....carry the metal are not conscripted, but are hired.Source: Antonio Vázquez de Espinosa, Compendium and Descriptionof the West Indies, trans. Charles Upson Clark (Washington, DC:1968), p. 62.Questions for Analysis1. From the tone of this account, what do you thinkwas the narrator's purpose in writing it? Who is hisintended audience?2. Reconstruct the conditions in which these laborersworked. What would you estimate to be the humancosts of a week's labor? Why, for example, would afresh workforce be needed every Monday?SUGAR, SLAVES, AND THE TRANSATLANTICTRIANGLEEuropean settlers in the Americas faced a major problem: labor. Mining and agri-culture required many workers, and the indigenous labor supply had already beendecimated by disease. Indeed, the recurrence of plague in Europe, along with the lossof life in wars of religion, meant that Europe could not satisfy labor needs either.Colonial agents thus imported slaves from Africa in ever greater numbers. to74Chapter 14 > Europe in the Atlantic World, 1550-1660

The Age of Discovery is a surprising and estimatedly portrayed term for the early current timeframe, in regular covering with the Age of Sail, around from the fifteenth century to the eighteenth century in European history, where nautical Europeans researched locale across the globe, by a humiliating edge a tremendous piece of which were by then included. The Age of Exploration (in like way called the Age of Discovery) began during the 1400s and continued through the 1600s. It was a time span when the European nations began isolating the world.The Age of Discovery and later European examination allowed the outline of the world, happening precisely true to form in another viewpoint and distant upgrades coming into contact. Meanwhile, new issues were imitated, beating masses not constantly in contact with the Old World, particularly concerning Native Americans. Columbus' uncovering of straightforwardness moreover had another enormous result; it added to the improvement of the high level thought about headway. To various Europeans, the New World had every one of the stores of being a place of perfection, opportunity, and wearisome youth. Columbus himself saw that he had shown near the Biblical Garden of Eden.

Answered: What role did the Age of Discovery play…

Social Science

History

What role did the Age of Discovery play in shaping the Modern World? Please DON’T REJECT THE QUESTION ALLOW SOMEONE ELSE TO ANSWER.