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What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

College Physics
College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...
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**Question: What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?** When electrons are not shared equally between atoms in a molecule, it results in a polar covalent bond. This means that one atom becomes partially negative (because it pulls the electrons closer to itself) while the other atom becomes partially positive (because it has a lesser share of the electrons). This difference in electron density creates a dipole moment, contributing to the molecule’s polarity. Polarity plays a significant role in determining many physical properties of molecules, including solubility, boiling point, and melting point. For example, water (H₂O) is a polar molecule due to the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. This polarity is why water has such a high boiling point compared to other molecules of similar size and why it is an excellent solvent for many substances.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question: What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?** When electrons are not shared equally between atoms in a molecule, it results in a polar covalent bond. This means that one atom becomes partially negative (because it pulls the electrons closer to itself) while the other atom becomes partially positive (because it has a lesser share of the electrons). This difference in electron density creates a dipole moment, contributing to the molecule’s polarity. Polarity plays a significant role in determining many physical properties of molecules, including solubility, boiling point, and melting point. For example, water (H₂O) is a polar molecule due to the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. This polarity is why water has such a high boiling point compared to other molecules of similar size and why it is an excellent solvent for many substances.
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